Hardball Essay

Hardball Essay The political game is a dog eat dog world, there are several factors that determined weather a politician will be successful or not. Having alliances, enemies, and deals is all part of it. In the book â€Å"Hardball: How Politics is Played† written by Chris Mathews explains what it takes to get ahead in politics and how to avoid disasters techniques previously used by others. â€Å"It’s not who you know; it’s who you get to know. † Forming alliances is very important when trying to climb the ladder higher in politics. In 1949 LBJ joined the senate and by the end of 1952 he had won the job of top Democratic leader. Before anything of this happened LBJ had a plan to achieve this, and it is called the â€Å"Johnson treatment†. It is when one goes one customer at a time, in order to feel the customer’s important. This in turn got LBJ a lot of support because of all the people he was able to communicate with on a personal level. The smaller the group to retail is always better. Clinton wasted no time getting to know as many as possible. He began to run for freshman class president on his first of campus, started networking at Oxford and Yale law school. He also volunteered in the 1972 presidential campaign of George McGovern, by the time Clinton ran for US Congress in 1974 he already had many connections under his belt. Niccolo Machiavelli warned future politicians in 1513 to stay close to people they are ruling. Three centuries later, Tomas P â€Å"Tip† O’ Neill coined the term, â€Å"all politics are local†. He understood that in order to be a successful politician, he had to appeal to  the simple, mundane and everyday concerns of those who elect them into office. Those personal issues, rather than big and intangible ideas, are often what voters care most about, according to this principle. In 1950 when Congressman Richard Nixon was running for the US Senate from California, he was running up against actress Helen Gahagan Douglas. Nixon needed to form an alliance with Earl Warren but he was against the idea. Mrs. Douglas was encouraging Warren’s neutrality by not endorsing the Democratic candidate. Nixon’s people saw an opening, they would appeal not to his party but to his heart: Earl Warren. Nixon set up a trap and worked, he would never win Warren’s friendship but nonetheless won his help and that’s what was most important. â€Å"It matters little what terrain you are competing on; the key to winning over allies is to focus on their sensitive points†. A politician will have enemies because of their different point of view on certain issue. Good politicians shake hands with their enemies and easily talk with them. LBJ once said, â€Å"Better to have ‘em inside the tent pissin’ out than outside pissin in. During the time Lincoln was president he had an entire administration filled with people who were angry and all felt that they’d make a better president him. This is smart because once you have your enemies working with you they can’t bad mouth you and their interests collide with yours. Having enemies work for you makes people trust you, because it gives off the impression you’re open minded. Politician use ridicul e in order to bring down their opponent, so it’s best if one come up with a quick witty remark because ignoring it is the worst possible thing one can do. It proves to people that the statement is true. Jimmy Carter ignored the â€Å"Keep you enemies in front of you† rule and paid for it dearly. Having defeated the Democratic establishment on his way to the Oval Office, carter soon found out that same establishment was rooting for his downfall. His own administration had cut off. Frustration and anger is a factor that can deter a politician from getting ahead in the world of politics. Nelson Mandela spent 27 years in jail and later became president of South Africa. When Nelson Mandela was made prime minister of South America, he didn’t hold a grudge that he had been imprisoned but rather worked past it. Francis Patrick Sullivan was a whole different story. He had the goal to one day land a job on Capitol Hill, his problem was that he thought that be meeting with congressmen at nightspot would charm them. Professionals like to keep their private and office life separated. He was managing a House campaign, make Herbie a win ner. A day later Herbie told Sullivan that he wasn’t cut out for politic. This ruined Sullivan; he spent years drinking and even changed political parties in order to go against Herbie. A lot of politician their lives have been obsessively focused on a single bad break, in order to survive and grown as a professional one should use those bad experience and use them to avoid a future mishap. Revenge never leads to anything good. Once again never ignore an insult, to the public that can be seen as an admission of guilt. Respond to attacks immediately and don’t let them get away with anything. Dukakis was accused of being a bleeding heart liberal and then went to an interview and said he wouldn’t push the death penalty on someone who raped and killed a girl. Since he didn’t respond to the attack, it made if worse he had to pay the price. There are three tactics to ruin someone. 1) Catch ‘em in a lie Daniel Moynihan won an election by catching inconsistancies in his opponents’ stories. 2) Ridicule When FDR was accused of sending a military destroyer to find his dog Fala, he gave his famous â€Å"Fala† speech that made his opponents look stupid 3) Jujitsu, â€Å"Force of the opponents own attack to bring him down. When Texan Jack Brooks was accused of being a Communist, he said he’d shoot the next man who called him a Red. Silence is the ultimate weapon of power. You should always have your ears open and ask everyone around you to tell you everything. There are several different example where silence proves topple sound. Tip Oâ€℠¢Neill was a big fan of this rule. Newt Gingrich, his successor, failed to do this and allowed press in conferences, which led to his name being associated with bad news amongst the public. Lyndon Johnson said â€Å"I ain’t never learned nothing’ talkin. Churchill became prime minister because he remained silent and forced the previous prime minister to speak freely about his wanting Churchill to advance. JFK’s silence helped him in the missile crisis. Sometime when you give someone the satisfaction of telling them they’re right, you can get them to concede on the more important tangible issues. Being able to survive and being a good politician are to completely different things. Chris Matthews explained this in his book. The game of politics has a lot of different strategies not sometime work and other times don’t. Only a good politician would know what to do.

Budweiser Essay

Budweiser Lager was first brewed in 1876 by E. Anheuser & Co., St. Louis. Today, AnheuserBusch is the largest brewer in the world in terms of volume, and it competes across a diverse range of markets. The company oversees more than 30 different beer brands, including the domestic market leader Budweiser, a number of other alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, a group of theme parks, and a real estate enterprise While retaining its brewing traditions, the company has adopted new technological traditions that improve its business and marketing effectiveness. In 1997, chairman August Busch III vowed to make his company a leader in mining its customers’ buying patterns. The key to Anheuser-Busch’s real-time analysis of marketing effectiveness is timely data: getting information back from wholesalers and retailers on what is selling where and when. â€Å"Wholesaler and store-level data has become the lifeblood of our organization,† said Joe Patti, Anheuser’s vice president for retail planning and category management. Therefore, Anheuser-Busch created BudNET to connect to wholesalers, retailers, and other AnheuserBusch business partners. The system handles sales reporting, customer development, retail promotion notices, and weekly sales forecasting, as well as a wide array of logistics-related functions. BudNET is the information channel for an Anheuser-Busch system called WEARS (Wholesaler Equity Agreement Reporting System). Through BudNET, the delivery people of the 700 U.S. distributors of Budweiser can become the eyes and ears of the brewer. WEARS and BudNET do much more than just keep tabs on the flow if icy-cold Bud off retailers’ refrigerated shelves. Using portable transaction computers, the delivery people also log data on computing products, identifying what else is on the retailers’ shelves. At the end of the day, Anheuser-Busch gets the data and looks for trends. â€Å"If Anheuser-Busch loses shelf space in a store in ClarksVille, Tennessee, they know it right away,† said Joe Thompson, president of Independent Beverage Group, a research and consulting firm. â€Å"They’re better at this game than anyone, even Coca-Cola.† Understanding consumers means more than just gathering data on your own product or on your competitor’s product. Anheuser-Busch also analyzes syndicated bar-code scan data gathered by Information Resources Inc. (IRI), to track consumer purchasing behavior across a full range of products. Anheuser-Busch successfully launched low-carb Michelob Ultra after seeing data on consumer shifts in dietary habits in other food groups. Timely, fine-grain data also help Anheuser-Busch’s marketing and product assortment. With store-level data, the company can create targeted marketing materials. For example, gay models appear on posters in San Francisco’s Castro district, but not on those in the Mission district. Better data also help predict local sales during holidays, such as knowing that Atlantans celebrate Fourth of July more than St. Patrick’s Day. Anheuser-Busch know where cans sell better than bottles (blue-collar neighborhoods), and helped the company launch a range of Latin-inspired beverages such as Tequiza and Sauza Diablo for the growing Hispanic market. Anheuser-Busch uses a variety of internal and external data sources – including consumer demographics, POS, and market data – to guide product assortment decisions. AnheuserBusch uses the six-step, industry-standard best practice called Efficient Item Assortment (EIA) that is published by the Food Marketing Institute. Software, co-developed with an outside software vendor, creates a top-tine master assortment product list for individual stores and store clusters. This tool won a Technology Leadership Award from Consumer Goods Technology (CGT) magazine. Anheuser-Busch’s use of IT is international. Budexchange.co.uk, hosted on BudNET, tracks key data and sales of 5,000 British outlets. The system rewards the loyalty of trade customers with Budweiser-branded support materials. Anheuser-Busch uses the data provided by the outlets in its proactive segmented marketing communications program. In a market in which overall sales are down 5.7 percent, Budweiser sales are up 7 percent. Anheuser-Busch continues to expand its use of datalinks, using its market clout to improve data gathering and data sharing. August Busch IV, president tor domestic operations, promised that â€Å"brewers and wholesalers with a clear, data-driven focus will have a distinct competitive advantage.† Market share data confirm the success of the company’s strategy – Anheuser-Busch now commands 50.1 percent at the market in 2003, up from 48.9 percent in 2002.

Agressive behavior in adolescent 12-18 Research Paper

Agressive behavior in adolescent 12-18 - Research Paper Example Since not all parents follow this technique as they are becoming quite busy in their own lives, they fail to discipline their children and their children continue to operate in an aggressive manner. Parents need to ensure that the techniques used for disciplining purposes are not very harsh as children may view continuous harsh treatment as unfair and they may react to these techniques in an aggressive manner. When children may react in an aggressive manner and parents even try to discipline this behavior by implementing harsher punishments, child will become more aggressive. Another theory that provides insight regarding aggressive behavior among teenagers caused by poor parenting is the strain theory. The strain theory asserts that individuals adopt aggressive behaviors because they fail to attain goals, which they value to be positive for their wellbeing (Cullen, 2013 p.148). In the case of teenagers, they put great value on being loved and cared for by their parents. If parents fail to provide love and affection to children, the child’s expectations are not met and thus he becomes aggressive. Hollist confirms this theory and cites that according to a study, huge portions of juvenile delinquents are those who were coercively treated at their homes (Cox, 2011, p.100). When parenting style is coercive in nature, the bond between the child and the parent becomes weak and due to this, the children become involved in the act of externalizing their problems. For example: a child might have witnessed divorce occurring between his/her parents and due t o the anger of divorce, the child may be involved in picking fights at school. Amato asserts that the rate of divorce in the American society has elevated and huge number of children in various households witnesses their parents fighting with each other (Fine, 2013, p.43). Due to this, a child may perceive that he/she is the

Strategies for healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategies for healthcare - Essay Example Our tactful management charts small term and long term plans to effectively meet the set targets and enhance profitability in every quarter. Targeting our corporate clients we try and imbibe the latest technology and best medical practices to give them high quality services. We invest heavily in research and technologies to ensure expedite medicinal services to our clients. We ensure a streamlined functioning of various departments and absolute coordination between them so as to get the maximum output. Our investments and services are directed towards achieving overall growth as an organization, via customer satisfaction. We have a vision of coupling technology and human expertise to offer world class health services and to realize it, the support and appreciation of our customers in imperative for us. Hence we imbibe extremely user-friendly technology and highly motivated work force to make sure that our clients are completely satisfied with our services. Well planned investments in novel technology and research have only brought us more laurels and better returns with every passing year. From routine checkups to emergency situations we are well equipped to meet all with full competence and are thus regarded as a trustworthy name in the industry. Employees can be t

Ethics in the 21st Century Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethics in the 21st Century - Research Paper Example Today, the world tolerates the problems of ethics alongside the technological and scientific domains that dominate the human race. Human beings can not just respond by themselves without the assistance of technology. Issues within the scientific community cannot be confronted until philosophical and ethical considerations are taken into account. Ethical reconciliation should be utilized when solving problems or interacting with diverse cultures. If one wishes to arrive at ethical clarifications of problems at hand, references must be cited to the traditional world of thought and wisdom. According to Prof. H. Atlan, philosophy is the key to arrive at ethical answers and to attend the problems of science and technology faced today. (UNESCO Headquarters|2001). There are two types of ethics that relate to globalization. First one is based on the ethics of sovereignty of States and the power structure. The second one relates to the responsibilities of the liberal market. These two kinds o f ethics and the vibrant relationship between the state the condition of ethics today. Globalization in the 21st Century gave birth to an accord between people who think internationally. In actuality, the emergence of a global civil community, through the sponsorship of global democracy, global governance and residency all contribute towards surfacing of ‘globalization of ethics’. (UNESCO Headquarters|2001)  Most students and officers when hearing the word â€Å"ethics† become spell bounded and images of departmental sanctions, internal affairs of a company, and extensive lawsuits came dawdling into their minds.  

Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Questions - Assignment Example Secondly, many of the practices of Ancient Egypt still exists in various forms in African societies. And although most of these practices have systematically disappeared over the past 500 years due to Islamic and Christian influences, most African tribes continue to pay homage to the dead and some even worship ancestors. This is the exact traditions that were held sacred in Ancient Egypt. This is because the Egyptians saw their leaders as a link between the contemporary society and the supernatural world. Hence, there was a lot of attention that was given to the leaders of the community. The beliefs in the Afterlife led to the creation of pyramids which exist to this day as a way of keeping the Pharaohs eternally alive. Although Africans moved from these regions many years ago, they still have traditions like preserving the dead, having very elaborate funerals and the beliefs in spiritual systems and structures similar to what existed in Ancient Egypt. The culture and political struc tures of Africa continue to show resemblance with what existed in Egypt. Paleontology primarily shows evidence of changes in weather and other natural conditions that explains the need for Africans to move in various directions from the Nile Valley. Global warming and other challenges like war caused Africans to move in other directions. Then the desertification of the mid-section of Africa led to the creation of what is now the world’s largest desert. This caused Africans to move further south. And when the Sahara was fully formed, most Africans could not move to North Africa to link up to mainstream activities and technologies. Therefore, they moved in small scattered communities that were in the interior of West Africa and East Africa. Other conditions caused Africans to move further down south to places like the coast of West Africa, Central Africa and Southern Africa. After the decline of Classical Egypt, persons

Artistic response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Artistic response - Essay Example Most people argue that the most important thing it to finish school. However, focusing on the work of George Wood, he shares the view that the quality of an educational experience is very important. Furthermore, he also emphasizes on the significance interactive along with social learning processes. In other words, the book Time to Learn: How to Create High Schools that Serve all People by George Wood puts emphasis on the mode of learning. In the 1900, high school was inclined towards vocational preparation in contrast to a commitment to a civic mission. The school puts emphasis on memorization as well recitation feeding the students with a steady supply of lecture and drill. The high schools also focused on setting high standards and high test scores as measure of education. To that effect, Wood argues that improving a learning institution does not only involve having to raise the test core, but also entails coming up with a school where authentic learning as well as teaching happens. Wood coordinated an effort by the faculty, parents, and staff to transform a school that was struggling into a symbol of educational that was recognized nationally. Considering that most high schools’ curriculum and teaching practices are not modeled to the individual needs of the students, the students often do not acquire the required skills and knowledge. Failed high school grades mean that the country’s labor sector would be affected negatively since the students would not have required skills in the job market. Consequently, change is required in order to enhance student and overall school performance by altering the daily student experience to ensure that the students are linked to the social and academic agenda of the school. In that perspective, the book is more than a story of one school. Wood makes use of the Federal Hocking High School’s change as a case study for the comprehension of the ways of high-quality high school

Personal statement for transferring to UW Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

For transferring to UW - Personal Statement Example I have always been fascinated by trends in the building industry, from the ancient designs to the contemporary urban architecture; modern cities are undeniably beautiful, particularly in the glare of city lights and stars at night, due to the magnificent visual impression of landmark skyscrapers. Ever since I was a boy, watching my dad work in a local construction firm as an architect made me establish a particular interest in the profession; furthermore, growing up and experiencing the beauty of architectural designs, I knew I had to be an architect just like my father. My family relocated to the US from South Korea in late 2012, which implied that I could no longer continue studying in my previous college in my country; following this development, I discontinued my studies to accompany my family in the US. I decided to take an educational break to refocus on my career goals while allowing my family to settle and readjust to the US society, I have been out of school for a year and a half now, and I am ready to resume my studies. I intend to study Geography as my major because I believe it will lay a strong foundation for my later career ambition as an architect. I chose Geography as my major because it will expose me to a vast body of knowledge in the fields of the physical, built and human environments; this knowledge will provide a strong foundation upon which my later career as an architect will be built eventually. The UW will be strategically important in achieving both my career and personal goals in many ways; the UW will cater for my career goals through its serene environment, resources and a dedicated faculty that will equip me with the relevant knowledge and skills that will suit my future career ambition. Besides that, the UW will also cater for my personal growth and social needs since it will offer me adequate opportunities to

The best ideas Essay Example for Free

The best ideas Essay It is ingrained among most people that important discoveries and concepts are results of concerns about problems of huge complexity. Nevertheless, if we allow more reasoning about that, we are bound to find out that is not always the case since history has been showing us plethora of , say, cientific development triggered by investigation over facts often dismissed as trifles. In order to bolster the argument just stated, it will be useful to refer to the pioneer of Genetics, namely Mendel. Those who would doubt a reclusive monk could make any good science out of growing peas will be appalled by his outstanding achievements. Mendel, tending the pea trees as usual, realised that the collor of the pea beans, whether green or yellow, could be predicted under some controlled unaccuracy provided the parents trees were known. Moreover, after several experiments sedulously carried out, he came to the conclusion that the collor outcome in question was result of the crossing of the parents features following some determinative selection rules. Then gene concept was born and proved to be correct and useful through nowasdays. Apart from the preceding historic report, we can think of a number of other instances in which everyday facts conceal valuable information just waiting to be uncovered such as symmetry in a snowflake, shape of droplets, reflection upon a lake, waves ruffling around a bathtube, wings of a butterfly etc. Were we to look carefuly into them, we would come up with a lot of physical facts almost ubiquitious in nature whose consequences are more complexes than one can imagine. Therefore, it is seems to be clear that the best ideas quite often result of looking into passionately into simple thing surrounding us. Methaphorically speaking, nature tell us her secrets in the silence of commonplace things rather than in the hustle and bustle that builds up in our minds clustered in a noisy complexity.

Thought Experiment Essay Example for Free

Thought Experiment Essay The fear of death is natural for all human beings regardless of race or culture and perhaps the only thing that separates the fear among different cultures are the vast array of concepts and views pertaining to it. After the concept of a higher being, death is perhaps the second most philosophically debated topic and rightly so, because as the text supplied to us said â€Å"we can and must postulate, as reasonably as possible, what our end has in store for us. †   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Historically speaking, the fear of death itself has been a hotly debated topic and has even been used for ulterior motives such as the case of the Catholic Church and their concept of plenary indulgence. In more recent times the fear of death has even been used as an incentive, fundamentalist Muslims have turned the fear into something that should be welcomed and coupled with the promise of seventy-seven virgins in the afterlife, has itself been used to persuade impressionable people into wearing vest bombs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fear is indeed a great motivator and yes, few things can compete with the fear of death but I beg to differ about it and I’ll even go so far as to say that not only should you not fear death but you should in all sense of the word, welcome that fear and turn it into something positive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Following the arguments from the texts given to us, the first thing we should consider is the question of whether it is rational to fear death. Of course, death being unable to exist at the same time and place as you can therefore not harm you and should not be feared. The fear of death is irrational in all respects according to this argument and rightly so. Unfortunately, there are such things as irrational fears and I suspect that the fear of death has enough magnitude to trump rationality –at least most of the time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is a given fact that we do indeed fear death regardless of whether it is rational or irrational to do so. In that regard, what other choices are there? Death being a fact of life means that we can do nothing else about it but to simply accept it. We can of course at this point minimize the fear of death by proving that it is not death itself that should be feared but rather a life unlived.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The â€Å"badness† of death can actually depend on what would have happened to a person if that person’s death had not taken place. Suppose then that some very old and unhappy person dies and considering that further life would inevitably only lead to more pain for this person, then dying is not so bad for him (Feldman 140). Some may even see death for this person as a blessing and arguably, this is where one should start looking as death as more than something to fear but as something that could be a motivation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Death should not be feared, it should be seen as a reminder that a person may have a greater purpose in his life and should do all he can to strive for it. It is a reminder that regardless of whether there is an afterlife or not, this life matters and one does not have a lot of time to MAKE it matter. Yes, the fear of death is irrational, but more than that, is it not more irrational to make nothing of death and simply accept it?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At this point it seems that I arrived at a different conclusion than the author of the given text. It just seems to me that the author is so focused on death as an end rather than as an opportunity. Yes, death is an end but is it not also an opportunity to be reminded that there are things you could achieve and people you can touch before that end ultimately comes?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the end of the day, I do concede that we have no doubt proven the irrationality of death but I also argue that not only have we proven that but we may have also given a solution regarding it. By considering the rationality of death, I’m was hard pressed not to consider the rationality of life itself and now I’ll have to conclude that the only solution to the fear of death is simply acceptance and doing what you can to make sure that when the proverbial clock ends, you will be able to look the reaper in the eye and say that you have no regrets. Works Cited Feldman, Fred. Confrontations with the Reaper. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Is Latin America An Homogeneous Continent Politics Essay

Is Latin America An Homogeneous Continent Politics Essay Latin America is a region of the Americas where Romance languages, those derived from Latin particularly Spanish, Portuguese, and variably French are primarily spoken  [1]   Historical background To understand the history of International Business in Latin America it is necessary to begin with a look in the eighteenth century were all of the countries in the region were colonies of the European powers and the commerce were tightly tied to the home country. But with the independence the IB had been taking a major role in Latin America because it is possible to consider that the first international business in the region was financing by the Latin American governments for the wars independence and since that moment these countries began to involved with IB, exchanging raw materials, such as gold and silver exported for products from Europe like clothing, iron and manufactured goods  [2]   By the middle of the nineteenth century foreign direct investment began with projects in mining and infrastructure, also LA become one of the most trading partners for United States, providing natural resources and low cost assembly of manufactures (Clothing). The most attractive countries in LA for investment are Mexico, Argentina and Brazil. The government-Business relationship Latin American governments imposed increasingly restrictive policies on foreign MNES, toward the end of import-substituting industrialization and promoting domestically owned business  [3]   but this didnt last for so long because of the 1980s crisis, that forced the governments of the region to look for foreign financial resources and by 1990s most of the LA join the opening economy system. Privatizations Privatization of state-owned enterprises has been one important step of the economic opening process and for FDI, with these system LA governments attracted the world leaders to invest in airlines, telephone companies, electronic power companies and banks. Regional Economic Integration The first regional integration done in LA was by Simon Bolivar in 1820 with the goal to unite South America, but since the World War II there had been integration efforts beginning with the LAFTA or ALALC in 1960 (Latin America Free Trade Area), this agreement never achieved its free-trade goals. It is possible to said that the first true agreement done in the region was the Andean Community in 1976, these group promote FDI into the region and tariff elimination among the members country  [4]   Another Sub regional integration effort is Mercosur has served to open trade mostly between Argentina and Brazil. The most successful agreement is NAFTA that produce economic growth in Mexico because many multinational firms of US locate its production there. Barriers to trade and invest in Latin America The most relevant barrier is the geographical one rather than the legal one because this zone has high mountains so the transportation cost is very expensive and this problem cannot be eliminated by tariff reductions or other government policies. Latin America MNE ´S It can be considered that the Latin America NME ´S emerged in the late 1960s and 1970s, as firms established operations in mostly neighboring countries to serve local markets. The leading firms are located in the largest countries, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, and Chile. Five of the top 25 MNE ´S are steel companies from Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico. Many companies are leaders in their respective industries, such as the Brazilian Gerdau Group. Most of MNE ´S tend to expand regionally before going farther abroad. And thinking in the consumer, this can often be a benefit because of the cultural similarity of most Latin American countries that makes regional firms better to supply to regional taste. At the same time, a firm that lacks international experience might want to acquire the skills needed to manage across borders by first learning in a country that is similar and nearby. This could explain CEMEX, the third-largest producer of cement in the world, captures many of this idea. Multinationals are often closer to their host countries geographically, culturally, economically, and politically, and with their know-how and technologies may be well matched for the other markets where they invest.  [5]   Latin American firms are responding to global trends by restructuring, developing a variety of tangible and intangible assets- including advanced management capabilities  [6]  After decades of protection and transition, Latin American firms are able to think and compete globally. 7 LATIN AMERICAN WORKING AND MANAGEMENT CULTURE. Plenty of information has been written about the American, Japanese or German management styles. These have proved to be successful in the greatest multinationals around the world and as a consequence many organizations in developing countries try to implement them. Well known is, that most of the Latin American countries have economies in transition and this is true also for management models used in Latin American organizations. In 2005 Martha M. Elvira, then the academic director of the Lexington College, together with Anabella Dà ¡vila, then the teacher of The theory of the Organization and business history at the School of Graduate in management and direction of business, had published in the Magazine Universia Business Review and article called Cultura y administracià ³n de Recursos Humanos en Amà ©rica Latina in English Human Resources culture and management in Latin America. There the authors assumed that the Latin American management models have some cultural traits deriv ed from an specific historic process with a social, political and economical structure. This unique process differentiates Latin American management styles from others and makes it worthy to examine the cultural background in order to better understand how the organizations in Latin America behave and how human resources practices in this region can be improved. It is thus highly important to review what has been written about the work culture in Latin America in order to understand better the management practices in that region and perform well when interacting with Latin Americans. For a better understanding of the subject of which is Latin-American cultural behavior and in some way decode the way Latin-Americans work and develop within an organization or during a business, we will divide these behavior into some themes or dimensions in which this culture will be analyzed. Our first dimension will be sympathy, personal dignity or classism, defining sympathy as the warmth of personal relationships, always respecting human dignity (Silvio de Franco, 1999). People in Latin American countries always take time to greet one another with a show of genuine pleasure, this culture is very familiar and always has close relationships with its workmates, if it is their decision they prefer working and negotiating with friends and family, rather than with strangers. Latin Americans are known for developing interpersonal relations with co-workers; this is why they are very predictable and expected by all. Personal contact is very important to Latin American workers; face-to-face contact with superiors is common and valuable for both employee and superior. Personal relations are charged with a high emotional content and both superiors and employees expect to be treated politely and friendly. Loyalty and reliability are very important in the personal relations of Latin Americans in the workplace. Other face of sympathy is the tendency to avoid open conflicts and unpleasantness, that is the reason why, people tend to be very polite and nice with others, and not to demonstrate disagreements in public. Latin Americans prefer a peaceful coexistence, and may be unwilling to confront others about negative behaviors that could be harmful to an organization; over the working environment what people want is to keep positive relationships among co-workers, taking aside the fact that their putting in risk the companys welfare. From here we can say that criticism is the key tool for discharging all madness of employees, this tool goes underground and is expressed most of the time through rumors and gossip. When talking about classism we refer to Latin Americans emphasizing in very rigid social divisions, so, sympathy is more likely to see in members of a same social class or level, you can also find sympathy from a high level class with a lower one, but it is less common in these countries. Hierarchy and social status is important, academic titles and other signs are mechanisms of social differentiation and help to establish the distance between employees and their superiors. Anabella Dà ¡vila and Martha M. Elvira affirm nevertheless, that superiors try to get near to the employees enough to eliminate the barriers between them. There is one exception to the rule, in terms of sympathy; some of Latin people are characterized because of their rudeness when talking, always taking advantage of the position power, when dealing with people that is less powerful, but this subject will be better explained when we arrive to hierarchical relationships and power dimensions. The next dimension is very linked to the first one, personalism; a desire for personalized and individualized attention. For Latin Americans, it is a priority to do things for others as relatives and family. Being helpful is very important for Latinos. First thing to have in mind when working with this culture is trying to develop good relationships, create loyalty within the working group and connecting as much as possible with people. Us, as Latin Americans, prefer to give opportunities, do favors and accept things, from people we know, giving them an advantage over the others, who will become strangers for us. Foreign people need to develop relationships based on mutual help, improve their level of empathy in order to gain Latin Americans trust and personalize the way of dealing with co-workers; we choose approaching people directly in person, rather than delegating tasks, or just sending letters. Personal relationships are needed and mandatory for Latin Americans, as an example, if a person wants to have a good position in the workplace, it is easier to success if they have palanca, term used by Latinos for the extra help they can get inside an organization by contacts and friends to be chosen over others. Latinos want everything to be easy, and fast, this is why friendship and personal relationships as said before are key issues to survive in a Latin American organization or society. Particularism dimension refers to the fact that Latin Americans are always choosing whom to help to, making exceptions to the rule based on individual circumstances level and obligations of friendships. For friends, everything; for strangers, nothing, and for enemies, the law (Rosenn, 1988, p.143) In this culture, law exists, but is just an ideal, because Latin Americans, only pay attention to law, which they agree with, otherwise, it is just ignored. In the personalism dimension, we talked about how influential friendships can become when getting a job, in other words Particularism appears as an answer to the personalism weve been talking about. As explained, particularism is in easier words, to have a strong group of friends, who will obtain benefits from my owns, therefore, the person who is getting the benefit is the one analyzed through the personalism dimension. Now, more than a group of friends or relatives, dealing with government is also part of the particularism, sometimes managers, can influence government to work on their side, giving benefits just to their companies. Latin American culture generally have a fairly low level of trust in people who are not family or close friends, with this we arrived to our 4th dimension, trust, generally, Latin American managers do not trust all of their employees, so, they always have 1 o 2 persons who they trust 100% (friends or family), to leave in charge of important tasks. Sometimes this lack of trust can affect the training and development for employees; Latinos always panic about teaching others the way they work, because we think, they could steel ideas and develop projects based on the stolen knowledge. This distrust issue is also an answer to our listening difficulties, and acceptance of others ideas. Latinos presume we know everything, and that there couldnt be a person who knows more than what I know, so we become depth to others comments. In order to gain the trust desired by Latin Americans, persons from other cultures, should not expect to start negotiating without developing first a relationship with us. Collectivism and in-group/out group behavior dimension, Latin American countries are generally described as collectivist cultures, which is characterized by individuals who give their loyalty to a group, and in return the group takes responsibility for the individual.  [8]  The collectivist unit for Latinos is family. 9 According to the chart, Latin American culture is located in the lower right quadrant, low trust/vertical relationships, finding pseudo-collectivism in the protective hierarchical structures very common in this part of the world. Relationships in Latin American organizations are vertical, people think top-down, with the prevailing lack of trust of out-group members. For Latin companies, it still exist the image of feudo, the boss who gives orders to employees, but beyond that it takes care of anything that could happen to them and their family and personal situations or problems, that could affect them. The in-groups are the ones that always receives preferential treatment, with this we are looking back, to the trust, personalism and particularism dimensions; they are all linked, from bosses perspective, you find your partners, gives them preferences, trust in them and you create an in-group structure, which is the one that characterized collectivism. As explained before, we still have the feudo image, the father who takes care for his children, continuing with the patron system, we now arrive to explain the paternalism and hierarchical relationships. Academics have identified a paternalistic behavior in management positions in many organizations across Latin American countries. In this sense managers care about the protection of the employees and their families. They might be seen as moral support by the employees to the extended that many organizations see themselves as a family. Strong solidarity and mutual understanding characterized Latin American workers whose intention is to work always in a harmonic and warm environment. Latin American employees always feel that bosses should take an interest on their nonwork lives, moving forward and beyond the working barriers, employees think bosses as they are developing the fathers role within a company, should be aware of what if happening with the family, and also they should be part of special events as weddings, baptisms, etc. For employers, their role must of the time is linked to the pobrecito attitude, always to excuse the employees for not doing things, or just when they need to be fired. With this, we conclude that paternalism has to aspects, the power of the father, government, or boss to make decisions for others, as well as the responsibility for those who are dependent on them. Relating paternalism and the hierarchical relationships, within a company, the boss always has a trust man, who will do anything for him, and would burn on fire to cover him, most of the time is the assistant. The disadvantage of this model of hierarchical relationships is that information from the bottom of the organization seldom floats to the top, allowing bosses to make poor decision, because of the lack of input from below that might help them avoid errors. Upon this point all dimensions have been intrinsically related with power, our next dimension, which is the principal theme in the Latin American organizations (Hofstede, 1980). Power is generally and more expressed in the top of the hierarchies. Bosses think that thanks to their position they are allow to do whatever they want, that they control the company and beyond, that employees should exceed in their attentions. And can delegate, tasks that they should act. People with power are accorded special privileges and often use their position to personal gain. It is said also that Latin Americas like to be dependent on someone else; they accept the authority and avoid confrontation with superiors. Conflict avoidance characterizes them and when theres a discussion taking place in public both superior and employee feel uncomfortable and even insulted. One of the most important Latin American cultural characteristics is the sense of humor and joy, which is also a dimension to analyze our culture. Humor plays a major role in the work settings, the constant teasing and joking at work is a pleasure, besides it makes working hours to go faster, helps to create the perfect environment for working and develop more efficient all tasks. But it is not always for having fun, humor has two other functions in the organizational life of Latin America; it is sometimes used to keep people in line, pointed jokes are an acceptable manner of conveying feedback to people. This, because concern for social approval is very strong in Latin America. And it also works as a safety tool in the form of black humor, as an example, employees that are not happy with their boss always make jokes about him but always behind his back or they make them to face just acting ironic. The powerless the people, the more plentiful the jokes. Lastly, we find fatalism, as one very important dimension where Latin American people could be analyzed. As we are evolving with all global changes, it still some negative organizations within the Latin culture. For some of us there is never a positive answer to things or in terms of the organization to projects, comments, etc. It is easier for as to say maybe or it could be rather than be 100% sure. The most common negative (in some way) word Latinos use is si Dios quiere. Even though people are sure things will happen, prefer to leave destiny to the religious part.  [10]  , but there are also some negative movements as always doubting, what if? is it possible? Im not sure it would work. Latin America has been always characterized as fatalistic and resistant to change, but there are some, however, individuals, companies, etc that are rapidly undergoing a transformation in response to changing circumstances as free markets and global economy. Companies with negative patterns find very difficult to compete with foreign companies because they are victims of their own selfishness, always having over all the negative view first. It is important for people who will be working with Latin Americans to understand all cultural contingencies, to do not fall into mistakes or be part of an unexpected cultural shock. Anabella Dà ¡vila and Martha M. Elvira take some human resources ´ practices and explain cultural characteristics founded in them. When referring to the recruitment, selection and promotion process, the authors affirm that in Latin America the appearance and personality are very important in the hiring or promotion of an employee. Relatives, friends or contacts are highly important as well as stated above. Low budgets characterized the training and development process, and a lack of technical knowledge is faced by the firms when importing machinery from abroad. Nevertheless education level in Latin America is growing faster and expatriates in Latin America are being replaced by well-qualified Latin American youth. Family plays a primary role in the lives of Latin American workers. To provide the family with the best living standard is the meaning of work of the Latin American worker. This is why social benefits given by the firms are valuable for them. Rewards for managers take the form of luxury cars, school enrollment for the kids or memberships in clubs. This enhances the living standard of the family and their social status. Acknowledgment is important for the workers; seniority recognition and social benefits are valuable for them. Given the importance of family it is hard for Latin American workers to be transferred from one place to another (far). Working groups are commonly to find in Latin American organizations, authority or coordination within them is also common. Latin American workers dont like to face all the responsibility and thus prefer to share it. The communication in the organizations flows from top-down; the avoidance of conflict generates many times misunderstandings and obstacles in communication processes. When conflicts take place, identification with primary groups more than with the organization itself is common. But, is really Latin America homogeneous as many states? In the year 2003, T. Lenartowicz and James Patrick Johnson wrote an article called A Cross-national assessment of the values of Latin America managers: contrasting hues or shades of gray? which was published in the Journal of international business studies. There the authors through a research concluded, Common perceptions of Latin America as a culturally homogeneous region are stereotypical and incorrectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Based on Rokeach ´s study of values, T. Lenartowicz and James Patrick Johnson proved that divergence in the importance of values can explain differences in business phenomena across the region. Values form part of culture, and they influence well the behavior of the people. Managers and workers grew within a culture filled with values, and thus the studying of values in Latin America can contribute to the understanding of management styles in the region. Diversity characterizes Latin America; and this diversity is reflected in the behavior of the people across the continent. Despite the common historical background shared by Latin American countries, each one of them has different features, geographic conditions, ethnic groups, and historical development. To develop the research, T. Lenartowicz and James Patrick Johnson divided the region in 6 representative parts. Colombia and Venezuela; Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia; Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Chile; Brazil, Mà ©xico; and Puerto Rico. The study didnt cover any of the Central American countries. According to the results, Brazil showed to have the major number of differences in importance of values (as expected) and Puerto Rico the lower. According to the authors, The values that differ significantly across the 12 countries include: ambitious, clean, intellectual, logical, open-minded, pleasure, world at peace. Three of these intellectual, logical, open-minded relate directly to decision-making and negotiation processes, suggesting that there may be considerable variation in these processes from one country to another. Variation in values is also likely to affect workplace issues such as delegating authority and responsibility, motivating employees, and compensation and reward systems. The study shows that even if there are similarities among Latin American countries, it would be an error to treat the whole region and homogeneous. CONCLUSIONS The Latin American environment could diverge since the colonization moment, because not all of Latin American countries were colonized by the same European countries, so in this order, we can find a French business culture, as well as Spanish and Portuguese, this situation has influenced the management style of Latin American MNEs. Some reason why this environment diverge are the economic and political policies implemented by the government before 1980s, with the ideology of a close economy that ends with each country developing its own business culture. In terms of geography, most of Latin American countries have high mountains, which generates difficulties in transportation of merchandise, this makes that almost all of Latin American companies develop same strategies in order to reduce transportation costs. Each Latin American country has develop its own business culture, but at the same time, thanks to the colonization characteristic and its location it is possible to gather them into groups, to facilitate studies in this continent. Geographical and historical factors served to divide the region into five aggregates which showed to be consistent within them and different among them. These are: the northern South America (Colombia and Venezuela); Perà º, Ecuador and Bolivia, the Southern cone (Chile, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay); Brazil; and Mà ©xico. When doing business, Latin Americans are recognized for being a friendly and informal bargainer, who prefers negotiating with already known people as family and friends; we do not sacrifice thing at a short term to obtain benefits at a long term. It is impossible for Latin Americans to arrive on time to meetings or things related to it, but this is why we cannot ask for punctuality and we became very flexible with time, and it uses. Latinos are very manipulative with emotions, and we count with a strong convincement power. In conclusion, all Latin American enterprises have their own ways of doing business, but there are some similar characteristic among them, such as friendship, loyalty, humor, collectivism and power. Friendship and humor are Latinos key tools for interacting and performing within a working and managerial environment. Being surrounded of trust people; the best way of ascending inside an organizational hierarchy and gaining the best positions is trough a Latin term palanca, which is the extra help they can get by contacts and friends to be chosen over others. Communication in Latin American organizations is top-down, with a lack of feedback from information given from bottom positions. Latinos are very preferential; we have preferences for in-group members over out-group members. Although Latin America has been treated as an homogeneous region, he results of a research contradicts prior studies that have tended to group Latin American countries together, and this finding validates the view that Latin America should not be regarded as a culturally homogeneous region.

Process Of Law (short) :: essays research papers

Process of Law   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A law trial begins when a party brings suit against another party, or several parties. A request for jurors is sent out, and a list of possible jurors is created. The defendant(s) for both parties may now filter out jurors through the list, in two different ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first, For Cause, means a juror is dismissed because they are or were employed by or related to one of the parties. If reasonable legal reason exists, there is no limit to how many times a For Cause challenge can occur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second type of challenge a lawyer can make is called a Peremptory challenge. Each party is allowed a certain number of challenges that dont require a reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the jury is selected (6 or more in Circuit Court civil cases and Probate cases, 12 or more in Circuit Court criminal cases), the trial convenes and the opening statements of the defendants is heard. The opening statement is typically used to show what their party claims, and outlines what evidence is going to be used in the trial.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After both opening statements are heard, the evidence is presented to the court. Evidence can be a document, or a photo, or some other physical object. The major form of evidence is testimony, which is made by the witnesses. Some evidence can be restricted from being introduced if it prolongs the trial too much, or is not completely believable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once all the evidence has been presented, and all witnesses heard, the closing arguments are heard from the defendants of both parties. This basically outlines and underlines the evidence and the testimony.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The jurors then retire to the jury room to discuss the case.

The United States from 1865 to 1950 Essay example -- essays research p

The United States changed dramatically from 1865 to 1950. Many changes occurred in industrialization, foreign affairs, government, as well as in society and culture. The events that took place within this time period helped shape this country into what it is today. Industrial development began with the railroad, with the help of Republican governments, who provided subsidies, loans and tax exemptions to railroad corporations. Over 52,000 miles of railroad were laid all over the nation between 1854 and 1879. Railroads stimulated growth. They required many resources to build, such as coal, wood, glass, rubber, and brass. Most importantly, the railroad connected the country. Although small factories were already up and running three decades before the Civil War, it wasn’t until after the 1850’s that the industrial economy boomed. Larger factories that produced goods to sell nationally and internationally were being built. These factories transformed the United States from a farming nation into the most industrialized nation in the world. There were advantages and disadvantages to this new industrial order. One disadvantage is the damage that industrialization did to the environment. Forests were cut to make way for big factories which, in some cases, left rivers, such as those in the Northeast, toxic. Another disadvantage was the working conditions. Industrial workers were overworked and underpaid. In 1890, an unskilled worker took home $1.50 for a ten hour work day. Children were exploited, working 60 hour work weeks and taking home a third of what an adult male made. African Americans faced an even greater challenge at work, discrimination at the workplace. They were given menial jobs and paid less than wh... ... case, Plessy vs. Ferguson, made it to the Supreme Court. The court ruled that segregation was not discrimination as long as the accommodations for both races were â€Å"separate but equal.† In 1954, the case of Brown vs. the Board of Education overturned the Plessy case. In 1894, African-American males were given the right to vote, even before women. In 1917, women were picketing in front of the White House for a right to vote. Some women became militants and initiated violence for which they were thrown in jail. Women were granted the right to vote in the United States in 1920. The United States went through a lot between 1865 and 1950. It has seen many changes in industrialization, foreign policy, government, and society and culture. I believe that these events, along with many, many others, have shaped the United States into the great nation it is today.

Degradation of Moral Values in Indian Society Essay

Human beings enjoy the maximum freedom and power for governing their habitat and environment. This power sometimes enables them to misuse the resources Materialism has led us to a degradation in our moral values. India is the most ancient civilization. Vedas were written in India. Buddha got divine knowledge here. We are proud of our rich cultural heritage but today we have forgotten those ideals, values and principles which were so dear to our ancestors. Take for example, the concept of joint family. Today, no young couple prefers a joint family. We do not want to be grateful to our parents. Rather, we want to disown them. The next most prominent degradation in our moral values reflects itself in the form of corruption. In India, corruption is prevalent at all the levels and the irony is that even if we accuse that they are guilty, they remain supreme. These developments are not good for the national economy and the moral conditioning of our younger generations. The free market economics has added fuel to the fire. When we find that everybody is corrupt. So, we waste no time in becoming the part of this corrupt system. Another steep decline in moral values manifests itself in the form of our poor educational system and teaching methodologies. In fact, the poor educational system in all the parts of the nation has led to poor moral values in the society The students do not respect their teachers. Copying during the examinations is a common practice. Best of the brains are drained to the West because the offers are tempting- and nobody misses the opportunity if offered once. Further, in Indian society, respect for elders is taking a backseat in the name of modernization. Our cultural values have taught us to respect our parents and help them during the times of their helplessness. However, the growth of nuclear families has led to complete ignorance of parents and elders. We never approve of such a deformed social and cultural chaos in our nation that was known for her warmth and family  traditions for over several hundred centuries. Criminals should be banned from politics and should be treated with an iron hand if they try to disturb the democratic norms laid down by our Constitution†¦ The Election Commission has done well by forbidding candidates with criminal records from fighting elections. In our schools, the traditional Indian values must be taught and reinforced. Schools can change the face of our society. The concept of joint families must be promoted among the young couples. This concept would enable them to take fruitful guidance from their elders. Education should be imparted according to Western norms. However, Indian values must also be enforced so that our children remain in touch with their roots.

Part Four Chapter X

X At nine o'clock on the morning of the election for Barry's seat, Parminder left the Old Vicarage and walked up Church Row to the Walls' house. She rapped on the door and waited until, at last, Colin appeared. There were shadows around his bloodshot eyes and beneath his cheekbones; his skin seemed to have thinned and his clothes grown too big. He had not yet returned to work. The news that Parminder had screamed confidential medical information about Howard in public had set back his tentative recovery; the more robust Colin of a few nights ago, who had sat on the leather pouffe and pretended to be confident of victory, might never have been. ‘Is everything all right?' he asked, closing the door behind her, looking wary. ‘Yes, fine,' she said. ‘I thought you might like to walk down the church hall with me, to vote.' ‘I – no,' he said weakly. ‘I'm sorry.' ‘I know how you feel, Colin,' said Parminder, in a small tight voice. ‘But if you don't vote, it means they've won. I'm not going to let them win. I'm going to go down there and vote for you, and I want you to come with me.' Parminder was effectively suspended from work. The Mollisons had complained to every professional body for which they could find an address, and Dr Crawford had advised Parminder to take time off. To her great surprise, she felt strangely liberated. But Colin was shaking his head. She thought she saw tears in his eyes. ‘I can't, Minda.' ‘You can!' she said. ‘You can, Colin! You've got to stand up to them! Think of Barry!' ‘I can't – I'm sorry – I †¦' He made a choking noise and burst into tears. Colin had cried in her surgery before now; sobbed in desperation at the burden of fear he carried with him every day of his life. ‘Come on,' she said, unembarrassed, and she took his arm and steered him through to the kitchen, where she handed him kitchen roll and let him sob himself into hiccups again. ‘Where's Tessa?' ‘At work,' he gasped, mopping his eyes. There was an invitation to Howard Mollison's sixty-fifth birthday party lying on the kitchen table; somebody had torn it neatly in two. ‘I got one of those, as well,' said Parminder. ‘Before I shouted at him. Listen, Colin. Voting – ‘ ‘I can't,' whispered Colin. ‘ – shows them they haven't beaten us.' ‘But they have,' said Colin. Parminder burst out laughing. After contemplating her with his mouth open for a moment, Colin started to laugh too: a big, booming guffaw, like the bark of a mastiff. ‘All right, they've run us out of our jobs,' said Parminder, ‘and neither of us wants to leave the house but, other than that, I think we're in very good shape indeed.' Colin took off his glasses and dabbed his wet eyes, grinning. ‘Come on, Colin. I want to vote for you. It isn't over yet. After I blew my top, and told Howard Mollison he was no better than a junkie in front of the whole council and the local press – ‘ He burst out laughing again and she was delighted; she had not heard him laugh so much since New Year, and then it had been Barry making him do it. ‘ – they forgot to vote on forcing the addiction clinic out of Bellchapel. So, please. Get your coat. We'll walk down there together.' Colin's snorts and giggles died away. He stared down at the big hands fumbled over each other, as if he were washing them clean. ‘Colin, it's not over. You've made a difference. People don't like the Mollisons. If you get in, we'd be in a much stronger position to fight. Please, Colin.' ‘All right,' he said, after a few moments, awed by his own daring. It was a short walk, in the fresh clean air, each of them clutching their voter registration cards. The church hall was empty of voters apart from themselves. Each put a thick pencil cross beside Colin's name and left with the sense that they had got away with something. Miles Mollison did not vote until midday. He paused at his partner's door on the way out. ‘I'm off to vote, Gav,' he said. Gavin indicated the telephone pressed against his ear; he was on hold with Mary's insurance company. ‘Oh – right – I'm off to vote, Shona,' said Miles, turning to their secretary. There was no harm in reminding them both that he was in need of their support. Miles jogged downstairs and proceeded to the Copper Kettle, where, during a brief post-coital chat, he had arranged to meet his wife so that they could go down to the church hall together. Samantha had spent the morning at home, leaving her assistant in charge at the shop. She knew that she could no longer put off telling Carly that they were out of business, and that Carly was out of a job, but she could not bring herself to do it before the weekend and the concert in London. When Miles appeared, and she saw his excited little grin, she experienced a rush of fury. ‘Dad not coming?' were his first words. ‘They're going down after closing time,' said Samantha. There were two old ladies in the voting booths when she and Miles got there. Samantha waited, looking at the backs of their iron-grey perms, their thick coats and their thicker ankles. That was how she would look one day. The more crooked of the two old women noticed Miles as they left, beamed, and said, ‘I've just voted for you!' ‘Well, thank you very much!' said Miles, delighted. Samantha entered the booth and stared down at the two names: Miles Mollison and Colin Wall, the pencil, tied to the end of a piece of string, in her hand. Then she scribbled ‘I hate bloody Pagford' across the paper, folded it over, crossed to the ballot box and dropped it, unsmiling, through the slot. ‘Thanks, love,' said Miles quietly, with a pat on her back. Tessa Wall, who had never failed to vote in an election before, drove past the church hall on her way back home from school and did not stop. Ruth and Simon Price spent the day talking more seriously than ever about the possibility of moving to Reading. Ruth threw out their voter registration cards while clearing the kitchen table for supper. Gavin had never intended to vote; if Barry had been alive to stand, he might have done so, but he had no desire to help Miles achieve another of his life's goals. At half-past five he packed up his briefcase, irritable and depressed, because he had finally run out of excuses not to have dinner at Kay's. It was particularly irksome, because there were hopeful signs that the insurance company was shifting in Mary's favour, and he had very much wanted to go over and tell her so. This meant that he would have to store up the news until tomorrow; he did not want to waste it on the telephone. When Kay opened the door to him, she launched at once into the rapid, quick-fire talk that usually meant she was in a bad mood. ‘Sorry, it's been a dreadful day,' she said, although he had not complained, and they had barely exchanged greetings. ‘I was late back, I meant to be further on with dinner, come through.' From upstairs came the insistent crash of drums and a loud bass line. Gavin was surprised that the neighbours were not complaining. Kay saw him glance up at the ceiling and said, ‘Oh, Gaia's furious because some boy she liked back in Hackney has started going out with another girl.' She seized the glass of wine she was already drinking and took a big gulp. Her conscience had hurt her when she called Marco de Luca ‘some boy'. He had virtually moved into their house in the weeks before they had left London. Kay had found him charming, considerate and helpful. She would have liked a son like Marco. ‘She'll live,' said Kay, pushing the memories away, and she returned to the potatoes she was boiling. ‘She's sixteen. You bounce at that age. Help yourself to wine.' Gavin sat down at the table, wishing that Kay would make Gaia turn the music down. She had virtually to shout at him over the vibration of the bass, the rattling saucepan lids and the noisy extractor fan. He yearned again for the melancholy calm of Mary's big kitchen, for Mary's gratitude, her need for him. ‘What?' he said loudly, because he could tell that Kay had just asked him something. ‘I said, did you vote?' ‘Vote?' ‘In the council election!' she said. ‘No,' he replied. ‘Couldn't care less.' He was not sure whether she had heard. She was talking again, and only when she turned to the table with knives and forks could he hear her clearly. ‘†¦ absolutely disgusting, actually, that the parish is colluding with Aubrey Fawley. I expect Bellchapel will be finished if Miles gets in †¦' She drained the potatoes and the splatter and crash drowned her temporarily again. ‘†¦ if that silly woman hadn't lost her temper, we might be in with a better shot. I gave her masses of stuff on the clinic and I don't think she used any of it. She just screamed at Howard Mollison that he was too fat. Talk about unprofessional †¦' Gavin had heard rumours about Dr Jawanda's public outburst. He had found it mildly amusing. ‘†¦ all this uncertainty's very damaging to the people who work at that clinic, not to mention the clients.' But Gavin could muster neither pity nor indignation; all he felt was dismay at the firm grip Kay seemed to have on the intricacies and personalities involved in this esoteric local issue. It was yet another indication of how she was driving roots deeper and deeper into Pagford. It would take a lot to dislodge her now. He turned his head and gazed out of the window onto the overgrown garden beyond. He had offered to help Fergus with Mary's garden this weekend. With luck, he thought, Mary would invite him to stay for dinner again, and if she did, he would skip Howard Mollison's sixty-fifth birthday party, to which Miles seemed to think he was looking forward with excitement. ‘†¦ wanted to keep the Weedons, but no, Gillian says we can't cherry-pick. Would you call that cherry-picking?' ‘Sorry, what?' asked Gavin. ‘Mattie's back,' she said, and he had to struggle to recollect that this was a colleague of hers, whose cases she had been covering. ‘I wanted to keep working with the Weedons, because sometimes you do get a particular feeling for a family, but Gillian won't let me. It's crazy.' ‘You must be the only person in the world who ever wanted to keep the Weedons,' said Gavin. ‘From what I've heard, anyway.' It took nearly all Kay's willpower not to snap at him. She pulled the salmon fillets she had been baking out of the oven. Gaia's music was so loud that she could feel it vibrating through the tray, which she slammed down on the hob. ‘Gaia!' she screamed, making Gavin jump as she strode past him to the foot of the stairs. ‘GAIA! Turn it down! I mean it! TURN IT DOWN!' The volume diminished by perhaps a decibel. Kay marched back into the kitchen, fuming. The row with Gaia, before Gavin arrived, had been one of their worst ever. Gaia had stated her intention of telephoning her father and asking to move in with him. ‘Well, good luck with that!' Kay had shouted. But perhaps Brendan would say yes. He had left her when Gaia was only a month old. Brendan was married now, with three other children. He had a huge house and a good job. What if he said yes? Gavin was glad that he did not have to talk as they ate; the thumping music filled the silence, and he could think about Mary in peace. He would tell her tomorrow that the insurance company was making conciliatory noises, and receive her gratitude and admiration †¦ He had almost cleared his plate when he realized that Kay had not eaten a single mouthful. She was staring at him across the table, and her expression alarmed him. Perhaps he had somehow revealed his inner thoughts †¦ Gaia's music came to an abrupt halt overhead. The throbbing quiet was dreadful to Gavin; he wished that Gaia would put something else on, quickly. ‘You don't even try,' Kay said miserably. ‘You don't even pretend to care, Gavin.' He attempted to take the easy way out. ‘Kay, I've had a long day,' he said. ‘I'm sorry if I'm not up to the minutiae of local politics the second I walk – ‘ ‘I'm not talking about local politics,' she said. ‘You sit there looking as if you'd rather be anywhere else – it's – it's offensive. What do you want, Gavin?' He saw Mary's kitchen, and her sweet face. ‘I have to beg to see you,' Kay said, ‘and when you come round here you couldn't make it clearer that you don't want to come.' She wanted him to say ‘that's not true'. The last point at which a denial might have counted slunk past. They were sliding, at increasing speed, towards that crisis which Gavin both urgently desired and dreaded. ‘Tell me what you want,' she said wearily. ‘Just tell me.' Both could feel the relationship crumbling to pieces beneath the weight of everything that Gavin refused to say. It was with a sense of putting them both out of their misery that he reached for words that he had not intended to speak aloud, perhaps ever, but which, in some way, seemed to excuse both of them. ‘I didn't want this to happen,' Gavin said earnestly. ‘I didn't mean it to. Kay, I'm really sorry, but I think I'm in love with Mary Fairbrother.' He saw from her expression that she had not been prepared for this. ‘Mary Fairbrother?' she repeated. ‘I think,' he said (and there was a bittersweet pleasure in talking about it, even though he knew he was wounding her; he had not been able to say it to anyone else), ‘it's been there for a long time. I never acknowledged – I mean, when Barry was alive I'd never have – ‘ ‘I thought he was your best friend,' whispered Kay. ‘He was.' ‘He's only been dead a few weeks!' Gavin did not like hearing that. ‘Look,' he said, ‘I'm trying to be honest with you. I'm trying to be fair.' ‘You're trying to be fair?' He had always imagined it ending in a blaze of fury, but she simply watched him putting on his coat with tears in her eyes. ‘I'm sorry,' he said, and walked out of her house for the last time. On the pavement, he experienced a rush of elation, and hurried to his car. He would be able to tell Mary about the insurance company tonight, after all.

A Business Plan on Unique Furniture in Bd

Yes, We are Unique Prepared by: Desperate PREPARED FOR Mr. Md. Bodiruzzaman Guest Lecturer Department of Business Administration Dhaka City College, Dhaka PREPARED BY Group Name: Desperate Batch : XI , Section : A Dhaka City College, Dhaka. DATE OF SUBMISSION November 29 2012 Group Information Group Name: Desperate List of Group Members: SerialNo. | Full Name| ID| 01| Abu-Bakar-Siddique| 13| 02| Md. Shohel Perves| 15| 03| Md. Nasim Miah| 35| 04| Md. Rakibul Alam| 57| Letter of Transmittal To Mr. Md. Bodiruzzaman Lecturer Department of Business Administration Dhaka City College, DhakaSubject: To submit the â€Å"A Comprehensive Business Plan on Paper made furniture† Sir, We respectfully state that you have assigned us to write the â€Å"A Comprehensive Business Plan on Paper made furniture†. To prepare this report we have given our best effort. However, as we are student and still in learning process there may have some lacking, limitations and errors in this report. We are very much grateful to you for giving us the opportunity to find out and gain knowledge on this aspect of â€Å"Paper made Furniture† in Bangladesh. Preparing this assignment is an experience for us which helps us in our practical life.We would like to thank you for providing us with such opportunity. Sincerely yours, (Md. Shohel Perves) On behalf of Group: â€Å"Desperate† Student declaration We are declaring that the report on the topic of â€Å"A Comprehensive Business Plan on Paper made furniture† has only been prepared for the partial fulfillment of the course requirement of Entrepreneural Development. Executive Summary Unique Furniture is the biggest private furniture produce centre in Bangladesh. Unique Furniture understands people’s need best and will create and deliver appropriate product services to improve people’s life and make it easier.The ingredients of the Unique Furniture are basically paper and barley. We are not only the produ cer of furniture but also the provider of better service to the furniture. Unique furniture is doing its best to fulfill the wishes of people. Unique furniture has 5 promoters who will promote this business. These owners are highly qualified and experienced. Unique furniture is completely a private company and promoters are solvent enough. But this solvency is not enough for our business. So our 60% capital is external and 40% capital is internal. Unique furniture follows strict rules always. We are liable to provide quality products.To make a marketing plan first of all unique furniture had to look on the current market situation, products, competitors etc. Moreover unique furniture has allocated enough money for advertising and public relation. Financial Plan is one of the main portions of our business. These are mainly technical terms of sales, means of financing, profitability projection etc. The initial cost of project is maximum as per the total cost of project concern which i s Tk. 403,55,00,000. In the term of estimates of sales, its accessories price is like present selling price. We have also some labor and rent costs.Unique furniture target of profit mark – up is 30%. Unique furniture will make profit Tk. 111,04,12,919 after 5 years. We hope after this time our company will be the best private furniture producing company in Bangladesh. In our country there are many kinds of furniture available in the market. But all are not good quality. On the other hand some are very good quality in the market, but there price is high. So we launched new unique furniture which is made by paper. This is high quality and also reasonable price. We are sure if unique furniture comes in the market people will willingly take it and they will be benefited.Acknowledgement First of all we would like to thank the Almighty for giving us strength and the aptitude to complete this report. This report is far from complete perfection, but it could not be accomplished witho ut the unity of our team members. We have collected a lot of information from internet and visited many companies. Anything humanly created in the world is not completely perfect and we are no exception. We apologize if there is any error in this report. Table of Content Chapters| Subjects| Page No. | Part 1| Prefatory Parts| 11-12| | 1. 1| Introduction| 11| | 1. 2| Objectives of the Report| 11| | 1. 3| Methodology| 11-12|Part 2| Business Description Segment| 12-15| | 2. 1| General Description of the venture| 12| | 2. 2| Vision| 12| | 2. 3| Mission| 12| | 2. 4| Objectives of the company| 13| | 2. 5| Board of Directors| 13| | 2. 5. 1| Status and Shareholding Percentage| 14| | 2. 6| Management Team| 14| | 2. 7| Organization Structure| 15| Part 3| Marketing Plan| 16-26| | 3. 1| Current Scenario in Bangladesh| 16| | 3. 2| Current market situation| 16| | 3. 3| Marketing department| 17| | 3. 4| Sales department| 17| | 3. 5| Financial department| 17| | 3. 6| HR department| 18| | 3. 7| SWOT Analysis| 18-20| | 3. 8| Competitor Analysis| 21| | 3. | STP Analysis| 21| | 3. 9. 1| Market Segmentation| 22| | 3. 9. 2| Target Market| 22| | 3. 9. 3| Market Positioning| 22| | 3. 10| Marketing Mix Analysis| 23| | 3. 10. 1| Product Identification| 23| | 3. 10. 2| Pricing| 23| | 3. 10. 3| Promotion| 23| | 3. 10. 4| place| 23| | 3. 11| Brand awareness| 24| | 3. 12| Selling and Advertising| 24| | 3. 13| Research analysis| 24-26| | 3. 14| Corporate social responsibility| 26| Part 4| Financial Analysis| 27-35| | 4. 1| Cost of Project| 27| | 4. 2| Financial Plan and Loan Requirement| 28| | 4. 3| Means of Financing| 29| | 4. 4| Working Capital Requirement and Its Financing| 30| | 4. | Cost of Project Calculation| 31| | 4. 6| Income Statement (One Year)| 32| | 4. 7| Projected Income Statement| 33-34| | 4. 8| Cash Flow Statement| 34| | 4. 9| Balance Sheet| 35| Part 5| Location Analysis| 36| | 5. 1| Location Description| 36| Part 6| Risk Analysis| 37| | 6. 1| Risks & Remedies| 37| | 6. 1. 1 | Risks| 37| | 6. 1. 2| Remedies| 37| Part 7| Conclusion| 38-40| | 7. 1| Conclusion| 38| | 7. 2| Recommendation| 39| | 7. 3| Bibliography| 39| | 7. 3. 1| Reference of Books| 39| | 7. 3. 2| Reference of Web-Sites| 39| | 7. 3. 3| Product samples| 40| Part 1| Prefatory Parts| 1. 1 IntroductionBefore starting our journey we want to give you some information of the current situation of furniture sector in Bangladesh. If we see the last year statistics which is provided by Statistic Bureau of Bangladesh that, we can say one company called Otobi. Unique Furniture understands people’s need best and will create and deliver appropriate product services to improve people’s life and make it easier. The ingredients of the Unique Furniture are basically paper and barley. 1. 2 Objectives of the Study * To make the use of paper made furniture popular. * To provide brief information about our company and services. To analyze the sections of the project as example: Marketing, Finance et c. * To start a pilot project from the village named â€Å"Dendabor† at Savar 1. 3 Methodology To organize this report we selected some primary and secondary data sources. To gather the prime information we had to prepare questionnaires and also had to visit the organizations to obtain information through oral interviews. This report has been prepared by preserving following steps: * At first we represented the theoretical and historical perspective of the report. * We collected a lot of information from the external reports and internet. Then we take help from our teachers and the students of previous batches. * We took authorization to visit a company and lastly we have visited it. * We got different kind of information through oral interviews. * As a final point we delivered our recommendation Part 2| Business Description Segment| 2. 1 General Description of the Venture (Product or Service) We are going for launch a production of equipments that can produce furniture from the paper. We will also open Home service those will provide services to our customers. Customers' satisfaction is our main objective. 2. 2 VisionWe are the new furniture solution provider in Bangladesh achieving our business vision through growth in market reach, increasing operation size, international distribution, total service and consistent branding activities by the being most customers focused ; Innovative, cost effective ; efficient, environmentally responsible ; quality concerned company in the business. 2. 3 Mission To be the most consumer-focused, competitive, efficient, innovative, and environmentally responsible and quality concerned leading market oriented furniture manufacturer, sales and distributor of Bangladesh by the year 2014. . 4 Objectives of the Company * Generate and provide reasonably priced furniture to our customers. * Efficient utilization of Capital, Machineries, Material and Human Resources. * Continuous improvement of customer satisfaction and resourc e management. * Produce low cost furniture. 2. 5 Board of Directors Md. Rejaul Karim Vice-Chairman Md. Foysal Director Md. Abdul Aziz Chairman Md. Asikollah Supervisor Md. Yeasin Director Shahjada Yeasir Arafat Shuvo Supervisor Farzana Amin Director Md. Rafiqul Islam Supervisor 2. 5. 1 Status and Shareholding Percentage Name| Status| Shareholding Percentage|Md. Abdul Aziz| Chairman| 25%| Md. Rejaul Karim| Vice-Chairman| 15%| Md. Foysal | Director| 15%| Md. Yeasin| Director| 15%| Farzana Amin| Director| 15%| Shahjada Yeasir Arafat | Supervisor| 05%| Md. Asikollah| Supervisor| 05%| Md. Rafiqul Islam| Supervisor| 05%| | Total| 100%| 2. 6 Management Team Md. Abdul Aziz Chairman Md. Rejaul Karim Vice-Chairman Farzana Amin Director (HRM) Md. Yeasin Director (Marketing) Md. Foysal Director (Finance) 2. 7 Organization Structure Office Staffs (40 People) Share Holders Board of Directors Managing Director General Manager Secretary Sales ManagerProduction Manager Purchase Manager Production as sociating Staffs (5 people) Sales associating Staffs (5 people) Purchase associating Staffs (5 people) Sales Executives (3 people) Purchase Executives (3 people) Salesman (36 people) Salesman (36 people) Super visors (5 people) Salesman (1000 people) Part 3| Marketing Plan| 3. 1. Current Scenario in Bangladesh Bangladesh is a developing country. Most of the people wanted to decorate their house with furniture. But they can’t properly decorate their house because of high priced furniture’s which are already existed in Bangladesh.So we have a plan to produce furniture from papers which will be lower priced than the other furniture’s. Now people are thinking Unique furniture, people are thinking about how to save money. Now has become a primary need of our customer. So we want to create something new for our business plan and that can also help our society. Some companies like Otobi, Hatil, Pertax are providing the facilities of producing furniture from the wood. B ut the advantage cannot reach to the people of rural areas. Based on this positive information we are planning to make a project of producing furniture from papers.We hope it will get a good market inside our country. Unique furniture will produce huge quantity of furniture that will meet the need of our country. 3. 2 Current market situation Present situation of furniture is high priced. Increasing price of furniture has become common word now. We have a plan to provide furniture all over the country but middle and upper middle class are our target customers. Some companies are providing facility, but it is less than the demand. Present situation is perfect for this business. Paper made furniture is quite new idea, but we will introduce this to the rural and urban people.We think people will appreciate it and their hope is our inspiration. 3. 3 Marketing Department: Marketing department reports to Sales and works closely with the business line heads, the product development team an d Customer Service team globally. The role involves a high level of market sizing and data analysis projects with the objectives of identifying opportunities and risks and forming strategic recommendations to senior management and ideas to satisfy the economic. Here are also some objectives of our marketing department- * Focus on capacity optimization and assigning capacity to potential customer to ensure the highest revenue. Credit monitor, notify customer and ensure superior services delivery to our customer. * To develop mutual business benefits. * Co-ordinate with other departments (i. e. Technical, Billing and Finance) to maintain smooth operation. 3. 4 Sales department: Our sales department has some different objectives. The objectives of our sales department are given below: * To achieve sales target. * To ensure overall success and customer satisfaction. * Develop new market segments and expand the existing market. 3. 5 Financial Department:Finance department function in our Unique Furniture are being the budgeting and forecasting investment decision making ; raising and allocation fund. * To handle companies TAX ; VAT issues. * Finalize of the statement of income ; expenditure. 3. 6 HR Department: The objectives of HR department are * Conduct recruitment ; selection process by using external /internal sourcing channels and deliver resources on time as per plan though following all stages. * Handle contract renewal management. * Keep ; update all personal files of expatriates ; local employees. 3. 7 SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis Strengths OpportunitiesWeaknesses Threats The following is a SWOT analysis as it applies to the Unique Furniture: Strengths: 1. Sell reasonable and quality products 2. Long durability of the Furniture’s 3. Fulfill with modern furniture’s. Weaknesses: 1. Lack age of advertisement 2. Lacking of relation with customers 3. New idea Opportunities: 1. Use of all types of papers. 2. Creating more job opportunity 3. Rapid i ndustrialization and urbanization 4. Increasing living standards of rural areas. 5. Be a number one brand in furniture sector 6. Providing quality furniture all over the country. Threats: 1. Will be highly competitive market 2. Change of environment 3.Achieving people faith. MarketingParticulars | Performance| Importance| | MajorStrength| MinorStrength| Neutral| MinorStrength| MajorStrength| High| Mid| Low| 1. Companyreputation| Yes| | | | | v| | | 2. Marketshare| | Yes| | | | v| | | 3. Customersatisfaction| Yes| | | | | v| | | 4. Productquality| Yes| | | | | v| | | 5. Servicequality| Yes| | | | | v| | | 6. Pricingeffectiveness| Yes| | | | | v| | | 7. Promotioneffectiveness| Yes| | | | | v| | | 8. Distributioneffectiveness| | Yes| | | | v| | | 9. Sales forceeffectiveness| Yes| | | | | v| | | 10. Innovationeffectiveness| Yes| | | | | v| | | 11. Geographicalcoverage| | Yes| | | | v| | | 2. Customerretention| Yes| | | | | v| | | SWOT analysis table:This SWOT analysis is apply for Uniqu e furniture: We have an opportunity to create good position and reputation in market. It is only possible when we can solve our all problems and give more attention on our job. 3. 8 Competitor Analysis Furniture business in Bangladesh is highly competitive. As a new furniture company we have also some competitor. They are 1. Otobi furniture 2. Partex furniture 3. Talukdar farniture 4. Hatil furniture and so on. First competitor for unique furniture is Otobi furniture. Which is leading furniture company in Bangladesh.To become a leading company in Bangladesh we have to compete with these existed furniture company. 3. 9 STP Analysis Marketing strategies: The entire marketing process: 3. 9. 1 Market Segmentation Three types of people live in our society upper class, middle class, and poor. So we also segment our product, price, and market into three groups. We think this marketing method will ideally work. Because different person have different status and parching power. Segmentation is the key to reach them. We segment our product for all kinds' people in our society. Here is our target market level: 1. Lower class 2.Lower middle class 3. Middle class 4. Upper class 3. 9. 2 Target Market Most of the people in our society are middle and upper middle class. So our first target is to catch the market of middle and upper middle class people. We will also provide our facilities to the rich people. After fulfilling their demand we will provide our business to the mills and factories. 3. 9. 3 Market Positioning Reputation of an institution depends on its quality. We give our first priority to the quality of product. Maintaining quality of product is the only way to achieve the faith of customers and their faith makes our position in the market. . 10 Marketing Mix Analysis 3. 10. 1 Product Identification Most of the equipment that can produce furniture from the papers will be made by us like sofa, chair, table, dining table, reading table, Corner set, book self etc. To produce furniture from papers we need some more products like paper, barley, color, frame, etc and we purchase this from other companies. 3. 10. 2 Pricing At first our target is to reach furniture to the middle and upper middle class customers, so our price should be low. After reaching to the target we fix our price based on market demand. 3. 10. 3 PromotionWe have a plan to make furniture which will make by papers. But now we are focus on our present activities to promote the productivity of furniture from papers. After promoting this we will focus on other matters. 3. 10. 4 Place â€Å"Place† means not just the locations of producer facilities, but the locations of all points of sale at which customers may have access to the product or service. That’s why we are going to set up our organization at Savar. We will serve our services to the rural areas of our country. 3. 11 Brand awareness Most people believe in brand. Because brand gives them warranty and make them c onfident.We have some competitor in the market and they are brand companies like Otobi, pertex, talukdar, Hatil etc. But many people don't know about their new service of renewable energy. So if we provide more equipment in a short time and advertise more than our business will get a brand name. 3. 12 Selling and Advertising At first we will sell our products base on our customers demand. We don't recruit any dealer for our product. We will sell our product from our sales centre. First time advertising cost will be more and we have to make peoples interest on our product.We will use TV, Radio, newspapers and Leaflet for our advertising, because these are the most modern and common means of advertising. 3. 12 Slogan and Logo Our Slogan is â€Å"Yes, we are Unique† Our Logo is 3. 13 Research analysis Population: The population of this research project has defined as follow: 1. Elements: All types of people who living within the Dhaka City. 2. Sampling units: All types of people ( Customer and Retailer) 3. Sampling Frame: The distributors and retailers which are located in Uttara, Gazipur, Nilkhet those who are selling different types of furniture. They are the sampling frame of research project. Primary data collected from – 1. Retailers 2. Customer of other furniture Company. 3. Different types of people * Sample size: As the population of this research project is 100 (50 Customers and 50 Retailers). * Sampling procedure: Among probabilistic sampling methods, simple random sampling procedure has been used in order to select sampling units from population. * Survey Process: Through face-to-face interview the survey process will be done. * Data processing and Analysis: Based on variables, researcher will analyze all the data basically throughout the subsequent style – 1.Descriptive statistics to identify user’s categories. Instrumentation: Through questionnaires and face to face interview. Activity To prepare this report we survey mark et many days. We have some question to the customer and retailers when we survey. The customer and retailer’s personal interview and question will be show in this chart: 3. 14 Corporate Social Responsibility We live in a society. We do business for the development of our society. So every business has some social responsibility. Our business has also social responsibility. By using our furniture people can save money but they will get well services from us.We will also spend 5% profit of our business for social development. With this money we will start Tree Plantation Program all over the country and try to fulfill the required 25% forest of our country. It is not possible right now, but we will try our best to complete this work within next20 years. We will also give merit scholarship to the poor meritorious students that they can continue their study. Every year we will take new program to develop our society and that is our corporate social responsibility in marketing. Pa rt 4| Financial Analysis| 4. 1 Cost of Project Making a place is very important for any kinds of business work.We have selected our industrial area at Saver. We have bought a land by loan. Our business construction has been already finished. The total cost of the project will be estimated at TK 30, 00, 00,000. The details costs of the project are as follow as- Particulars| Taka| Land and site development| 8,00,00,000| Building| 2,00,00,000| Machinery| 16,00,00,000| Technical expenses| 10,00,000| Pre-operative expenses| 20,00,000| Working capital| 370,00,000| Total| 30,00,00,000| | | | | 4. 2 Financial Plan and Loan Requirement Particulars| Owner’s Equity| Bank Loan| Total| Land and site development| 8,00,00,000| | 8,00,00,000|Building| | 2,00,00,000| 2,00,00,000| Machinery | | 16,00,00,000| 16,00,00,000| Technical Expenses| 10,00,000| | 10,00,000| Pre-Operative Expenses| 20,00,000| | 20,00,000| Working Capital| 3,70,00,000| | 3,70,00,000| Total| 12,00,00,000| 18,00,00,000| 30 ,00,00,000| Percentage| 40%| 60%| 100%| 4. 3 Means of Financing Company/Our institution will take 40% as owner's equity and other 60% will be taken as bank loan. The loan amount is 18, 00, 00,000 and 12, 00, 00,000 is the equity capital of Unique Furniture Ltd. 4. 4 Working Capital Requirement and Its Financing Particulars| Amount (TK)| Number|Raw materialsStocks of goods in processStocks of finished goodsOperating expensesTotal| 20,50,0006,00,0004,00,00033,333| | | 30,83,333| | | | | | | | 4. 5 Cost of Project Calculation Capital requirement| Amount| Amount| Fixed Asset:LandBuildingMachineryTotal Fixed AssetPre-operative expensesTechnical expensesWorking Capital:Raw materialsWork-in-processFactory overheadTotal Working CapitalTotal working requirement| 8,00,00,0002,00,00,00016,00,00,000| 26,00,00,00020,00,00010,00,0003,70,00,00030,00,00,000 | | 2,00,00,0001,00,00,00070,00,000| | | | | 4. 6 Income Statement (One Year) Particulars| Amount (TK)| Amount (TK)|Sales (30% Mark Up) Less: C ost of production: Raw materials Work-in- process Factory overhead Gross ProfitLess: Administrative expenses Selling expensesTotal administrative ; selling expenses Net Operating ProfitLess: Financial expenses Depreciation Earning before TaxLess: InterestLess: Tax (25%) Profit after Tax | 394,55,00,0002,45,00,0003,00,00,000| 512,91,50,000400,00,00,000| | 60,50,00,00020,00,50,0008,11,00,0001,30,00,000| 112,91,50,00080,50,50,000| | | 32,41,00,0009,41,00,000| | 23,41,00,0002,70,00,000| | | 20,71,00,0005,17,75,000| | | 15,53,25,000| | | | | | | 4. 7 Projected Income StatementParticulars| Year-2013| Year-2014| Year-2015| Year-2016| Year-2017| Sales (30% Mark Up))Less: Cost of productionGross ProfitLess: Administrative expenses Selling expenses Net Operating ProfitLess: Financial expenses DepreciationEarning Before TaxLess: InterestLess: Tax (25%)Profit After Tax| 512,91,50,000400,00,00,000| 615,49,60,000480,00,00,000| 738,59,76,000576,00,00,000| 886,31,71,20069120,00,000| 1063,58,05,4408 29,44,00,000| | 112,91,50,00060,50,00,00020,00,50,000| 135,49,80,00060,50,00,00020,00,50,000| 162,59,76,00060,50,00,00020,00,50,000| 195,11,71,20060,50,00,00020,00,50,000| 234,14,05,44060,50,00,00020,00,50,000| | 32,41,00,0008,11,00,0001,30,00,000| 54,99,30,0006,73,13,0001,30,00,000| 82,09,26,0005,58,69,7901,30,00,000| 114,61,21,2004,63,71,9261,30,00,000| 153,63,55,4403,84,88,6991,30,00,000| | 23,00,00,0002,70,00,000| 6,96,17,0002,29,95,107| 69,61,86,4201,83,89,481| 108,67,49,2741,30,93,010| 148,48,66,74170,02,069| | 20,71,00,0005,17,75,000| 44,66,21,89311,16,55,473| 67,77,96,93916,94,49,235| 107,36,56,26426,84,14,066| 147,78,64,67236,94,66,168| | 15,53,25,000| 33,49,66,420| 50,83,47,704| 80,52,42,198| 110,83,98,504| | | | | | | | | | | | | 4. 8 Cash Flow Statement Particulars| Year-2013| Year-2014| Year-2015| Year-2016| Year-2017| Profit After Tax| 15,53,25,000| 33,49,66,420| 50,83,47,704| 80,52,42,198| 110,83,98,504| Add: Depreciation| 1,30,00,000| 1,30,00,000| 1,30,00,000| 1,30,0 0,000| 1,30,00,000| Total Profit| 16,83,25,000| 34,79,66,420| 52,13,47,704| 81,82,42,198| 112,13,98,504| | | | | | | | | | | | | 4. 9 Balance Sheet Description| Amount (Tk)| Amount (Tk)| Current assets:CashAccount receivablesInventoriesFixed assets:LandLess: DepreciationBuildingLess: DepreciationMachinery Less: DepreciationTechnical ExpensesPower GridLess: DepreciationPre operating costTotal AssetsLiabilities:Accounts payableTaxLong term liabilities:Long term bank loanLess; 1st InstallmentOwner's equityTotal Liabilities| 12,00,00,0002,10,00,0005,00,00,000| 15,10,00,0005,60,00,0001,90,00,0009,50,00,00010,00,0005,70,00,0002,00,0,00040,00,00,000 12,66,99,28415,33,00,71612,00,00,00040,00,00,000 | | 8,00,00,0002,40,00,000| | | 4,00,00,0002,10,00,000| | | 10,00,00,00050,00,000| | | 6,00,00,00030,00,000| | | 7,49,24,2845,17,75,000| | | 18,00,00,0002,66,99,284| | | | | Part 5| Location Analysis| 5. 1 Location Description Location Address: 112B, Nabinagar, Dendabor Bazar, Savar-Dhaka. Area: 35100 sft. Price of the Land: Tk. 8,00,00,000Owner of the Land: Unique Furniture Ltd. Co. Part 6| Risk Analysis| 6. 1 Risks & Remedies 6. 1. 1 Risks * It’s a new business, people hardly recognized about it. * Lacking of relation with customers 6. 1. 2 Remedies * We have to make people concern about our service. * Home service employees should do their duties responsibly. Part 7| Conclusion| 7. 1 Conclusion In our country there are many kinds of furniture available in the market. But all are not good quality. On the other hand some are very good quality in the market, but there price is high. So we launched new unique furniture which is made by paper. This is high quality and also reasonable price.We are sure if unique furniture comes in the market people will willingly take it and they will be benefited. 7. 2 Recommendation * It is naturally difficult to launch a new product, as new company unique furniture has some limitation. * We will try our best to find out our problem a nd we solve our problem very soon * Customers are always welcome to give their comments * We are always ready to solve customer problems 7. 3 Bibliography 7. 3. 1 Reference of Books * Entrepreneural Development By A A Khanka * Business Ethics & Applications for Higher Secondary 1st & 2nd Paper By Md. Khalekuzzaman 7. 3. 2 Reference of Web-Sites: * www. google . com * www. ask. com * www. wikipedida. com 7. 3. 3 Product Samples: