Causes And Consequences Of Global Warming - 2177 Words

Jainam Shah Professor Larry Menna SOIM-UB 125.007 04/03/2016 Causes and Consequences of Global Warming in California Fossil fuels, including coal, oil and natural gas, have facilitated global economic development by stimulating the industrial sector. Formed when organic matter gradually concentrates over the span of millions of years, fossil fuels constitute the world s primary source of energy. Upon extraction, they are processed in refineries to create invaluable raw materials such as fuel oil, gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas which meet 82 percent of U.S. energy demanded by catalyzing the generation of steam, electricity and power transportation systems (US Energy Information Administration). Fossil†¦show more content†¦These gases insulate the atmosphere and lead to a gradual increase in temperature over a period of time leading to climatic changes. Over the past 20 years, nearly three-fourths of human-caused emissions came from the burning of fossil fuels (U.S. Dep. Of Energy). The general consensus was that the negative externalities caused by greenhouse gases would take several years to materialize, which enabled the corporations to rationalize their actions and give greater impetus to economic profits over environmental sustainability. However, with increasing scientific research and growing awareness about the more immediate consequences of climatic changes, global warming has come to forefront as a social issue that requires corporations to claim immediate responsibility for their actions. An industrial powerhouse such as California, with its variable climate zones, scarce water supply, and dependence on industries is an ideal case study and testament to the fact that global warming is a social problem that has far-reaching tangible consequences for the current generation as well. A study by scientists at NASA and Columbia University measured climate data between 1901 and 2014 and inferenced that average temperatures in California have increased by 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit over 113 years (Geophysical Research Letters). They also noticed that there was a dramatic

Duality in A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens

In A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, it uses duality throughout the story. Duality often refers to having two parts and is usually used with opposite meanings. Charles Dickens wanted us to know about duality by the very first paragraph of his novel. One of the dualities has to deal with the two cities of the title, London, England and Paris, France. Also, some of the dualities show us opposite parallels dealing with two or more people. The two emotions love and hate also have something to do with the theme. I think the use of the doubles is significant First off, Charles Dickens’ very first paragraph says, â€Å"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way-in sh ort, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only†¦(Dickens 5)†. This is how he introduces duality in the book. I think that it is important that Charles Dickens used duality because he did not only want us to know that he used it but also explained the dualities throughout the story. The two cities London, England and Paris, France are completeShow MoreRelatedA Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pagescritical acclaim, A Tale of Two Cities occupies a central place in the cannon of Charles Dickens’ work. A Tale of Two Cities, published in serial form starting on April 30, 1859, is a historical fiction novel. A dominant theme in this historical novel is the duality found in many of Dickens’ characters. Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities is somewhat autobiographical; emphasizes the key element s of theme, plot, and character; and has received extensive criticism. A Tale of Two Cities is told in three partsRead MoreA Tale Of Two Cities By Charles Dickens987 Words   |  4 PagesIn a Tale of Two cities. Dickens juxtapositions suspense and humor in a intricate tale of love and loyalty. The book takes place in the late 18th century, during the french revolution. the book is set in England and France, more specifically London and Paris. These are the two cities that the book centers around. In the city of London, the neighborhood of SoHo, and Paris, the french countryside, and city of Dover. b city houses, palace of Versailles. The house in Paris where the Darnay s stayedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Tale Of Two Cities 947 Words   |  4 Pages In the novel Tale of Two Cities, author Charles Dickens defines character Madame Defarge’s symbolism of knitting as an expression of how it weaves its way in the themes of fate and duality. Throughout the novel Dickens uses knitting in a way of affecting other people’s lives, for ins tance, the Evremonde family, related blood Charles Darnay with wife Lucie, and their daughter. It affects especially in Lucie Manette’s character, for she is the one who knits the lives of all the characters with herRead MoreThe Heart of the Revolution Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesincredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair† (Dickens 3). The duality of the revolution is presented in the novel, A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, it shows the true nature of the French Revolution and its powerful impact over the citizens, as Lucie and her beloved husband, Charles Darnay, get torn apart by the uprising revolutionaries that only see with vengeance in their eyes. When Darnay travels to ParisRead MoreIs Man Naturally Good Or Evil?972 Words   |  4 Pagesfree of any guilt and sin. However, Adam, tempted by Eve, ate the apple from the tree of knowledge and thereby gained knowledge bu t lost the state of innocence. The debate as to the nature of man is vividly illustrated by the contrasting views of two famous philosophers of the 17th and 18th centuries, Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jacques Rousseau. Hobbes coined the famous expression that primitive human life was nasty, brutish, and short. For Hobbes therefore, Man was inherently bad and it was civilisationRead MoreA Tale Of Two Cities By Charles Dickens1269 Words   |  6 PagesAs described by Charles Dickens through his novel A Tale of Two Cities, he states, â€Å"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times†. (1) The novel, set in 1775 is in the midst of the French Revolution, a time that was embodied by dualities. Love and hate. Misery and happiness. Light and darkness. Hope and despair. The novel utilizes devices such as juxtaposition and repetition to help add meaning to the novel. One such example can be found in the last passage of the novel. With the use of imageryRead MoreThe Castelia City Times Analysis1189 Words   |   5 PagesHello everyone, Today marks the beginning of a new series of articles I wish to work on, the Castelia City Times. Name is still pending but as of now, thats what Im sticking with. In essence, thisll be a (hopefully) weekly article dedicated to non-Pokemon stuff, be it movies, other games, music, or anything else I feel like sharing with the rest of the League. I was originally planning on starting this series strong with Spider-Man Homecoming and Transformers: The Last Knight reviews, but my laptopRead MoreAll The Light We Can Not See By Anthony Doerr Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesFrance during World War II. It is about a blind girl and a German boy who meet and they both try to survive the war that was going on. I think this would be a good book for me because I enjoy 2) Winter’s Tale by Mark Helprin – New York Times last 25 years -The book setting is in New York City at the beginning and at the end of the twentieth century. This story is about burglar from Ireland, Peter Lake, and a young rich woman, Beverly Young. I think this would be a good book for me because I likeRead MoreVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 Pagesdates frame the period of Victorian literature, it is commonly accepted that it was the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901) that saw the novel emerge and flourish, all the more that the 1937 was the year when Dickens’ Oliver Twist, the first major work of fiction. The first readers of both, Dickens and Eliot were not conscious they lived in the ‘Victorian period’. They thought that this was a modern era marked with turbulent transition. However, the most crucial writers of the period grew up in the earlierRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesmaking them more easily available, originated with Mikel Dufrenne, Professor at the University of Paris-Nanterre and editor of the series in which this work was published in French. He has my very warm gratitude. C . M. Cannes August 1967 here. On two or three definite and important points, this text no longer corresponds to the present state of the problems it confronts. I have taken this opportunity to clarify it and place it in perspective by means of footnotes, for the method and the structure

Facebook A Network Of Decline - 1032 Words

Facebook: A Network in Decline Facebook has revolutionized the way we communicate. They have created one of the most popular platforms for people to present themselves to the world. Businesses have not been left behind and have created pages to show their personality. Despite Facebook’s popularity, there are signs that it is slowly beginning to lose relevance with the population, especially with the youngest demographic. If Facebook cannot recapture the younger audience, they may never regain their prominent and important role. To really understand Facebook’s popularity, we have to look a bit at its history. Facebook started at Harvard to easily search for and find student and teacher profiles. Harvard has a system of doing profiles for†¦show more content†¦Facebook has followed a similar trend, it initially exploded with popularity, attracting people from all walks of life and all age groups, as Daly comments, â€Å"The fastest-growing demographic among Face book’s 64 million users is those over 25† (Daly 480). It’s been a rapid fall as well, with Business Insider noting that â€Å"In late 2012, 42% of teens listed Facebook as the ‘most important,’ †¦ By early 2015 only 14% did so. That s a 28-point drop† (BI Intelligence). The shift away from Facebook is a trend that hasn’t changed, and without having the younger demographic they will eventually be losing customers the same as MySpace’s decline. The rise of the mobile phones coincides with the decline of Facebook. Multiple mobile phone apps have come out and have shown to be more popular. Snapchat, Tumblr, Instagram, and Vine have all come out to take their share of the market. The decrease in word count, and the increase in visual media is explained by Digital Solutions, â€Å"Another thing I’ve noticed is the increased use of images and videos, and the decreased use of text or words. For example, I seem to check my in stagram account more often than my twitter, and even twitter has started to taylor to posting images† (Digital Solutions). Cameras on cell phones have also been increasing in quality, as well, â€Å"AnotherShow MoreRelatedDecline Of The World Wide Web1044 Words   |  5 Pages Decline of the World Wide Web Hossein Derakhshan article, â€Å"A Blogfather s Lament for the Web† spoke about his concerns of the decline of the web. Writing this article, he directed his concerns for Facebook users in 2014. The article appeared to be about his past journaling experience in Iran which lead him to discover blogging, while keeping connected with his readers from his daily column within the Iranian paper. However, when Derakhshan went to prison because of his internet activitiesRead MoreSuccess And Effectiveness Of Zuckerberg1588 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome one of the most successful and influential people in the world. The social network started as a side project that Zuckerberg would work on in his dormitory room. Now, Facebook is more than merely a social network; it is a publicly traded technology powerhouse that has changed the way people around the globe communicates, and the company continues to innovate and expand their horizons. A world without Facebook is hard to fathom, and it doesn’t seem like they are going to be disappearing anytimeRead MoreThe Impact of Social Media on Youth and Adults1646 Words   |  7 Pages Overview of topic and issues discussed Social networks like Facebook, Myspace and Twitter allow individuals to connect with anyone from coworkers to former classmates. The accessibility of these connections allow for individuals to feel easily connected to a larger community, but they have downsides. From false senses of connection, to data pervasiveness ,social networking is something that effects all groups within our culture to the point where we will have to decide if it is benefical orRead MoreHow Big Will Facebook Become?856 Words   |  4 PagesHow Big Will Facebook Become? – James Gatz Introduction One and a half billion people used Facebook last month, more than the populations of North America and Africa combined. Only a handful of other websites in the world can even compete with those numbers; YouTube just broke through the one billion mark and WhatsApp is supposed to do the same soon. In this article I’m just going to skip over any sort of introduction to what Facebook is because, come on, did you read the first part of the paragraph;Read MoreIs Facebook Making Us Lonely?1568 Words   |  7 Pageswork, the first thing the person did was logging in Facebook, Instagram, and other social network. Physical interactions compared to only talking behind a keyboard are much better ways to express ourselves. The article, â€Å"Is Facebook Making Us Lonely?† by Stephan Marche, he explained how the social network could affect loneliness at times. Marche believes that the social network can benefit people for their isolation who had never use media network. He studied t he technology that can isolate us fromRead MoreCase Study: Zynga Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pagessuccessful but not sustainable. Purpose This case study highlights the success of Zynga in online games. This forms an excellent basis for assessing the relationship between durable and virtual products. The continuous over- reliance of Zynga on Facebook is also another essential aspect of consideration in paper. Finally, the case study addresses the various implications of Zynga on the existing video game business.   Overview Zynga is among the world’s most popular online gaming firms. The firmRead MoreThe Strategy Of Zynga Is A Social Game With The Support Of Facebook Essay738 Words   |  3 Pagessupport of Facebook. The demographic representation of the social games extends to women and elderly. The lack of creativity of Zynga pushes the consumer away. This decline is also due to the fact Zynga had failed to change its strategy toward the mobile platform. Zynga relies its sales on virtual goods, which are very limited and difficult in the mobile environment. A lack of diversity to another social network and its subordination to Facebook was also an issue. Zynga’s relationship with Facebook, whichRead MoreThe Popularity of Social Media Services among Students1377 Words   |  6 PagesThe popularity of social media services (SMS), particularly Facebook and Twitter, demonstrate how fast technology is changing. Students facility with SMS and the amount of time they spend using them should n ot escape the notice of educators, who can use these tools effectively in their classrooms. Many educators are already doing so. SMS are still relatively new when it comes to classroom use and the existing literature offers anecdotal evidence of both positive and negative applications of theseRead MoreA Brief Note On Facebook And Mental Wellness1576 Words   |  7 Pages2014 Facebook and mental wellness Modern technology already took place into our social life. The way we communicate with each other has been reshaped and redefined by some of the developments of science. For example Facebook, Skype, Twitter, Cell phones, Laptops, Tablets, Hangout and many more networking devices and tools replacing traditional ways of socialization. Can you think about living without a cell phone in your pocket or a laptop/tablet in the study room? We extensively use Facebook forRead MoreFacebook And Its Impact On Society1515 Words   |  7 Pagesat least one active Facebook account. †The Facebook† allows organizations and individuals to post news about events, personal life experiences, products, or any other piece of information that might appear pertinent to the followers of that account. From its simple starting point as a way of one-to-one communication among the Harvard college students, Facebook has grown to its current position with more than 900 million active monthly users (Ric hards). For organizations, Facebook plays a huge role

Improving the Records Management - 625 Words

Improving the Records Management Implementation of Electronic Records Management Records management can be improved in many ways. In my opinion, one of the ways is to implement the electronic records management. The government should consider formulating policies, standards and practices, technical specifications and training plans to enable its agencies including Mahkamah Negeri Sembilan to manage records in electronic form. According to Arkib Negara Malaysia, The management of electronic records is not a problem that needs to be solved. Its effective implementation in support of program/ service delivery, decision-making, etc., should be viewed from the perspective of the extent to which it can lead to cost savings, cost avoidance, risk reduction and opportunity gain. This means that electronic records could give a lot of benefits to the government agencies. As stated by Arkib Negara Malaysia, electronic records management could help the government agencies to reduce its costs. The traditional records management p racticed by Mahkamah Negeri Sembilan for example requires the government to actually spend more money. This is because, if we’re looking this issue from a strategic view then it is undeniable that the implementation of electronic records management could save costs. The existing system practiced by the government requires them to maintain all the equipments and also hire personnel to supervise the files room. Furthermore, it contributes to the increased usageShow MoreRelatedEssay on Evolution of Health Care Information Systems1299 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology. EOGH have surpassed the decade old information system of paper charts and became a quick study in advancement of information technology. The changes in the health care information systems from 20 years ago have put value on the system by improving patient safety and confidentiality. â€Å"The broad spectrum of clinic information has made a way for hospitals to integrate with administrative applications of careâ₠¬  (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2009 â€Å"p† 1). East Orange General Hospital have the use of informationRead MoreInfluence On The Workplace Settings1339 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence on clinical care is with disease and case management, DRG assignment and case mix management, clinical documentation and coding, care guidelines or protocols, and nursing documentation. Billing and financial systems are also affecting for health plan contracting, coding, claims processing, payment policy, and physician reimbursement management. Health information systems impacted include; clinical documentation and coding; electronic health record and CPOE; e-Rx pharmacy and radiology systems;Read MoreUnderstanding the Patient Intake Process784 Words   |  4 Pagesthe patient records Paper patient’s records are proving to be increasingly inadequate to meet the modern information needs of the group practices. Computerizing patient records can improve the physician access to patient informa tion and thereby also improve patient care and the outcomes of the management aspect of the business. By investing in computerized patient records system the healthcare facilities can increase their revenues by saving on labor costs associated with patient records retrievalRead MoreVideo Library : Case Study1278 Words   |  6 PagesThe overall goal of the business is to make a profit through efficient management. As it’s not an independent business organisation (because it depends on reliable assets), their goal is to use their present assets to generate continuous profits. Business Objectives The library’s main business objectives are to make small profits from its members through loaning services. To achieve this objective, they need good management within the organisation (Arain and Low, 2009). As this is not an independentRead MoreHow Technology Is Transforming Healthcare1342 Words   |  6 Pageshealthcare settings for the purpose of improving the outcome and overall quality of care, and its use is having a transformational effect on medical practice. One of the most prevalent implementations of technology in healthcare is the electronic health care record (EHR), a computer based system for managing patient information, which has been proven to reduce medical errors. Further implementation of technology has also been shown to improve methods of time management, freeing nurses from time-consumingRead MoreBenefits Of Adopting Electronic Health Records1275 Words   |  6 PagesGood Afternoon ladies and gentleman! I appreciate not only your time but your commit ment to the implementation of Electronic Health Records (EHR). As a recap from our last meeting, hard and soft ROI represents various benefits which can be included and used in an ROI analysis. The hard benefits are the direct benefits which are tied to the impact of implementing the proposed solution. Soft benefits on the other hand are less easy to quantify and rely on. Soft benefits are often referred to asRead MoreIs Bioinformatics A Multi Disciplinary Field?1203 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation technology to improve the efficacy of health care by incorporating better quality, efficient and new technologies. Health informatics is an amalgamation of various disciplines like information science, computer science, social science, management science, behavioral science and others. There are various sub categories in health informatics like the â€Å"clinical informatics, pathological informatics, pharmacy informatics, public health informatics, community health informatics, hom e healthRead MoreElectronic Health Case Study714 Words   |  3 Pagesas a medical practice management system containing electronic health records (EHR) to eliminate excessive paperwork and ensure the accuracy of record keeping. This shift toward an online database is why most healthcare facilities are taking the initiative to become paperless. According to the 2017 Office of the Inspector General (OIG) work plan, the use of electronic health records can establish opportunities for improved patient care, more efficient practice management, and improved overallRead MoreThe Importance Of A Management Information System1276 Words   |  6 Pages A management information system is a computerized method of improving the efficiency of the daily activities of businesses as well as improving the decision-making process. A management information system can show the status of a business’ conditions and whether or not these conditions are improving or not. The decision-making process can only be effective if the information is updated regularly by those with authority to access this information. There are very few management information systemsRead MoreClinical Documentation Improvement1293 Words   |  6 Pagesovercoming the issues associated with maintaining a complete and good sound medical record in the U.S healthcare system. The main focus of CDI is to enhance clinical clarity of the health records which usually involves the process of improving the medical/health records documentation in order to promote effective patient outcome, data quality measures and accurate reimbursement for services and care rendered. For a medical record to be meaningful and mirror the scope of treatment and services provided, it

Shoulder Surgery and the Athlete Free Essays

For many competitive and/or professional athletes, injury is unforeseeable and in some cases, the decision to continue on with their sport comes into question. More specifically, for those athletes who have developed, or even, were born with instable shoulders and have undergone physical therapy, are inevitably plagued with the notion, when therapy fails to work, to either have surgery to fix their shoulder(s) and to continue participating in their sport, or to quit their sport. In this sense, for the athletes who want to carry on in their sport, it appears that an open or arthroscopic Bankart Repair is the most plausible solution in correcting on-going shoulder instability in athletes who have not improved through therapy and want to continue with their sport. We will write a custom essay sample on Shoulder Surgery and the Athlete or any similar topic only for you Order Now In competitive or professional athletes, a stable shoulder is imperative for peak performance, especially for those athletes involved in sports that use persistent overhead motions, such as swimming, or throwing a baseball. In understanding a stable shoulder, the shoulder is a joint that contains three primary bones: the shoulder blade, or scapula, the collarbone, or clavicle, and the upper arm bone, also known as the humerus. In addition, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2001), dictate that the head of the humerus bone (the humeral head) rests in a shallow socket within the shoulder blade called the glenoid and is held into the socket by the lining of the joint called the capsule. Moreover, the humeral head is quite larger than that of the socket, and a soft fibrous tissue rim, known as the labrum, surrounds the socket, which helps keep the joint stabilized (Shoulder joint tear). Furthermore, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2001) states the rim in the socket deepens by up to 50 percent, therefore allowing the humeral head to fit better. What’s more is that the rim also serves as an attachment site for several ligaments (Shoulder joint tear). Additionally, the shoulder is referenced as being a ball and socket type joint that permits for a wide range of movement. Although the shoulder joint is intended to be stabilized, in many cases while athletes participate in their sports, they receive injuries to their shoulders that allows for their shoulder(s) to become instable, or even, it has been found that in some competitive athletes who might experience pain whilst enduring continuous overhead motions, may have inherited instable shoulders and have repeatedly gitated the joint. In this sense, it is possible that injuries to the tissue rim that surrounds the socket of the shoulder can occur from acute trauma or repetitive shoulder motion like swimming or throwing and/or pitching, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2001), (Shoulder joint tear). More so, in its discovery, while the shoulder joint has a wide range of motion, instability can occur when the humeral head moves out of the socket, or glenoid ca vity. The humeral head, considered as the ball portion of the ball and socket joint, â€Å"can move either partially (sublux) or completely (dislocate) out of the socket† (Sports medicine shoulder surgery). Moreover, the humeral head can sublux or dislocate itself in three different directions: anteriorly, or forward, out of the bottom of the joint (inferior), or backward (posterior). Additionally, with any trauma to a stable shoulder, not only can the humeral head be forcefully dislocated or sublux, but the ligaments, capsule, or labrum can be torn, detached, or stretched from the shoulder bone as well. Conversely, McFarland and Petersen declare that although the humeral head is capable of being put back in place, the ligaments, labrum, or capsule may heal in a stretched or loose position, thus increasing the chance of subluxation or dislocation to occur again (Sports medicine shoulder surgery). In addition, there are wide ranges of problems that are contributed to shoulder instability that of which can take on many different forms in a competitive athletes shoulder(s). More so, according to Wahl and Slaney (2005), these different factors influence how the shoulder should be treated, nonetheless each of these factors needs to be considered (Arthroscopic shoulder surgery). One of these forms is the severity of the instability where the severity can range anywhere from being subtle, to mild or moderate, or severe. Furthermore, the direction and mechanism of instability can also be a contributing factor. As argued by Wahl and Slaney (2005), with direction, the instability of a shoulder can be due from anterior, posterior, or multi-directional dislocation or subluxation, and in the mechanism of instability, it can either be traumatic or a-traumatic (Arthroscopic shoulder surgery). Furthermore, Wahl and Slaney (2005) have also inquired that when a young athlete suffers from subluxation or dislocation, â€Å"it is statistically likely that they will dislocate again. Studies have shown that when a dislocation occurs in a child with open growth plates, there is up to a 100 percent chance that they will dislocate again. † Additionally, Wahl and Slaney (2005) claim that in young adults, typically under the age of 20, whose growth plates have just begun to close, â€Å"the re-dislocation rate is about 55 percent to 95 percent† (Arthroscopic shoulder surgery). Therefore, it appears that without surgical repair, a young competitive athlete with instable shoulders may endure greater damage to their shoulder joint and develop other problems associated with instability. In those athletes with instable shoulder(s) looking to find the best course of treatment, it appears that in comparison to an open or arthroscopic Bankart Repair, an athlete has only minimal choices in treating their instability. Some of these choices entail the use of anti-inflammatory medications such as Aleve, Naproxen, or simply Advil, modifying the activity that aggravates the injury, physical therapy, which helps increase the muscle strength of the shoulder(s), and/or stopping the activity overall. On the contrary however, for countless competitive athletes, these choices are sometimes not enough, or yet, do not help, and the decision to end their sport is out of the question. With surgery as the remaining option, there are many considerations that first need to be looked into. For example, Matsen and Warme (2008), claim that athletes who should forego surgery will have had experienced persistent occurrences of â€Å"shoulder subluxation or dislocation, who continue to have instability despite an adequate trial of physical therapy† (Bankart Repair). Additionally, Matsen and Warme (2008) state that surgery is also an option for athletes with a-traumatic instability who â€Å"have not responded to a well-conducted rehabilitation program (Bankart repair). Nevertheless, the decision for an open or arthroscopic Bankart Repair is the best solution for athletes with instable shoulders who have sought out alternative treatments, that of which have failed, and wish to continue on with their sport. In shoulder instability surgery, the labrum, which is profoundly damaged, and the ligaments found in the shoulder, are recognized and then repaired back to the glenoid, or socket. More specifically, there are two separate surgical procedures that can be done in rep airing instable shoulder(s). The first procedure entails arthroscopy, which is a closed surgical technique that uses a small camera (an arthroscope) to be inserted through a small incision â€Å"to examine or repair the tissues inside or around the shoulder joint† as described by the Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia (2007), and the second is an open surgical procedure called an open Bankart Repair. According to Matsen and Warme (2008), an open Bankart Repair â€Å"securely restores the attachment of the labrum and the ligaments to the edge of the glenoid socket† (Bankart repair). Nonetheless, the Bankart procedure re-attaches the torn ligaments of the shoulder to the proper places, allowing for restoration of normal function. In comparing surgery with other treatments, such as physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, etc, it has been theorized by numerous Orthopaedic surgeons and as stated above, that with on-going instability in competitive athletes who have undergone other treatments, surgery is the best solution, especially if the athlete does not wish to give up their sport. Matsen and Warme (2008) have asserted that with traumatic anterior shoulder instability, surgical stabilization has been found to have the most dependable results with the use of an open Bankart Repair. Moreover, it has been said that the use of surgery to stabilize the shoulder is the â€Å"most effective method to restore comfort and eliminate the symptoms† (Bankart repair). In addition, Matsen and Warme (2008) also state that repair for frequent traumatic instability has an â€Å"excellent chance of restoring much of the lost comfort and function to the unstable shoulder† (Bankart repair). Furthermore, according to Mahaffey and Smith (1999), it is believed by countless Orthopedic surgeons that the option for surgical repair, whether through arthroscopy or by an open Bankart Repair, should be placed under great consideration for athletes under the age of 25 to prevent any further incidences of â€Å"anterior dislocation and arthritic changes† (Shoulder instability in young athletes). What is more is that Mahaffey and Smith (1999), argued that early arthroscopic surgery represents a change in the approach, where results of studies have illustrated that arthroscopic repair has been beneficial in reducing the rate of recurrent dislocation (Shoulder instability in young athletes). Mahaffey and Smith (1999) also allege that even in athletes engaged in contact sports, â€Å"the incidence of recurrent dislocation is only ten to twenty percent following arthroscopic surgery. Re-dislocation occurs in some athletes, however, about five years after surgery† (Shoulder instability in young athletes). Even more so, Mahaffey and Smith (1999) state that the recurrence of instability after an open Bankart repair is â€Å"three to seven percent,† and â€Å"four to twenty-five percent† with arthroscopic surgery. Additionally, Wahl and Slaney (2005) declare that without surgery, competitive athletes who persistently sublux or dislocate their shoulder(s) on a regular basis, could potentially lose valuable time in their sport, and/or worse: cause permanent damage to their shoulder joint or risk the development of premature arthritis (Arthroscopic shoulder surgery). More so, according to King, he alleged that many studies have displayed that competitive athletes with unstable shoulder(s) or those athletes who have dislocated or sublux their shoulder at a younger age, â€Å"are much more likely to continue to have problems with instability without surgical treatment† (Shoulder instability), which also agrees with earlier references made by Mahaffey and Smith (1999). Moreover, Wahl and Slaney (2005) argue that with the use of medications, when in comparison to surgery, that there have been no medications found that are capable of treating excess instability of the shoulder joint that athletes can develop with frequent dislocation or subluxation. Nevertheless, the only roles that any medication plays with shoulder instability is its capability of masking the pain that coincides with shoulder instability and unrelenting dislocations and to make the athlete more comfortable. What’s more is that with surgery, such as arthroscopic surgery, an Orthopaedic surgeon is able to specifically isolate the contributing factors of instability. These factors can include â€Å"tears of the glenoid socket ‘lip’ (or ‘labrum’), tears of the shoulder capsule and ligaments, bony fractures of the glenoid socket or humeral head, the integrity of the rotator cuff tendons, or excessive laxity or volume of the shoulder capsule† (Arthroscopic shoulder surgery), where other techniques such as physical therapy, works only with the surrounding muscles of the shoulder joint. More so, physical therapy may only help with control of an instable shoulder, and not allow for the shoulder to become completely stabilized. In addition, Matsen and Warme (2008) also asserted that for competitive athletes with traumatic instability, a surgical repair enables an Orthopaedic surgeon to distinctively repair the location of injury, therefore giving the shoulder joint restoration to proper functioning for the athlete. Lastly, according to McFarland and Petersen, they declare that given the options of either modifying the activity that provokes a competitive athletes injury, or subsiding the activity overall, surgical treatment is the better alternative for those individuals â€Å"not willing to give up the activities or sports which provoke their episodes† (Sports medicine shoulder surgery). Moreover, McFarland and Peterson also state that with surgery, the recurrence of instability â€Å"is low (three to five percent),† which is an agreement with the findings from Mahaffey and Smith (1999). Additionally, Khalfayan claims since a labral tear cannot heal normally and the joint capsule is stretched, surgery is recommended when non-surgical treatment, like physical therapy, is not successful. Furthermore, Khalfayan also emphasizes that with young athletes, â€Å"the risk of re-dislocation can be as high as 90 percent with non-operative treatment. Therefore, in select patients or athletes, surgery may be recommended after a first-time dislocation. The re-dislocation rate after surgery is as low as five percent as compared to as high as 90 percent without surgery† (OPA Ortho). All in all, many competitive and/or professional athletes are prone to, or have inherited, instable shoulder(s) and are repeatedly faced with the decision to either quit their sport or undergo elective surgery if other treatments, such as physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, etc, have failed. It is apparent that through much evidence, that an open or arthroscopic Bankart Repair is the most conceivable resolution in correcting on-going shoulder instability in competitive athletes who have not improved through therapy and want to continue with their sport. It has been greatly substantiated that without surgical repair, professional and/or competitive athletes, especially those who are young and still growing, will continue to sublux or dislocate their shoulders and cause greater damage to the shoulder joint itself and even allow for premature arthritis to develop. Nevertheless, surgery is needed for those athletes suffering from instability and who want to continue participating in their sport. By either choosing arthroscopic surgery, or an open Bankart Repair, the use of stabilized shoulders can endure a competitive and/or professional athlete to grow and excel in their sport. References http://www.pamf.org/sports/king/ShoulderInstability.pdf http://www.aafp.org/afp/990515ap/2773.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007206.htm http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00426 How to cite Shoulder Surgery and the Athlete, Essay examples

The Canadian commonwealth federation Essay Example For Students

The Canadian commonwealth federation Essay This variant of conservatism commonly overlaps with business Liberals. Finally, there is the New Democratic Party, NDP (formerly known as the Canadian Commonwealth Federation, CCF). The NDP is a socialist political party; however, socialism in its true form purports collectivism and heavy state control along with the pursuit of absolute equality for all people outside the current market system- capitalism. This branch of political ideology is located on the left wing of the spectrum. The NDP are social democrats, which recognize the Liberal free-market, however, their mandate is to ensure that the capitalist economy treat individuals as equally as possible by way of increased state control and collectivist values. For the purpose of clarity, the following Figure 1 is offered as a visual depiction of the aforementioned categorization of Canadian political parties along the ideological spectrum: Figure 1: Canadian Party Ideology Source: Rand Dyck, Canadian Politics Critical Approaches4 These brief explanations of political ideology as expressed through Canadian political parties clearly suggests that parties on the left of the Canadian political spectrum embody values that are recognized for their socialistic and collectivist qualities, which include welfare, support for minority causes, green pursuits, peace initiatives, health and labour concerns, and a high level of emphasis on civil liberties5. These causes are known as cooperative, conscientious, and collective. The further to the right of the Canadian political party spectrum, the more the party is deemed individualistic with emphasis on values of inequality, such as limited welfare services, less (but some) support for the rights of disadvantaged women including anti-abortion mandates, enhanced freedom of the capitalist market which includes the effect of substantial inequalities among Canadian citizens based on the idea that the result is fair and natural, some emphasis on green issues, but which mainly pertain to the use of natural resources and their economic values. The right wing mandates are more difficult to publicly expose because in essence, they are far more self-motivated and self-centered than that of left wing political parties. Political theorists even go so far as to suggest that the right wing attitude is a result of fear. Jost et al. conducted numerous studies that concluded this tendency. This is known as the rigidity-of-the-right hypothesis, which suggests that, the core ideology of conservatism stresses resistance to change and justification of inequality and is motivated by needs that vary situationally and dispositionally to manage uncertainty and threat6. Right wing politics may also be classified in the realm of Realism, which is defined as political movements that are pursued by leaders who prioritize power, security of the state and the appreciation for little or no moral value if conflicting with the achievement of the former7. Left wing politics can be associated with the Idealist realm of thought, which is defined as political movements that are based on the pursuit of reason and truth by way of moral, optimistic and cooperative pursuits8. It can thereby be understood, in adjective form, that the more to the left a party is the more idealist, docile natured and benevolent, its policies will be. Right wing party policies are based on Realism and egoism, exclusionary principles and are more withdrawn from large-scale moral and social responsibilities. It would thereby seem natural to assume that these policies will attract different people for different value reasons. It is interesting to consider the tendencies of specific interest groups and individuals with regards to these policies, and in particular for this analysis, the different attitudes and tendencies among and between men and women. Do women tend to be drawn by more leftist policies than do men? And if so, has it always been this way? Current day statistics and studies clearly reveal that women are politically driven by socialist values to a much greater degree than are men. For example, these issue differences have been clearly depicted in a study conducted by the Institute for Social Research at York University and Jolicoeur. .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 , .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .postImageUrl , .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 , .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678:hover , .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678:visited , .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678:active { border:0!important; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678:active , .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Greek Gods EssayFigure 2 below exemplifies the gender disparity regarding political platform values. Figure 2: Sex Difference in Issue Positions- 2000 Source: Institute for Social Research at York University and Universti Jolicoeur9. This chart clearly reveals that women today are more docile and benevolent natured than are men. At the 2000 Congress of the International Political Science Association in Quebec City, Gidengil et al. reported in Women to the Left, Men to the Right? Gender and Voting in the 1997 Canadian Election that women were more likely than men to vote NDP while men were much more likely than women to vote for the Reform Party10. This report also offers further analysis of current day statistics beyond the exclusive analysis of the 1997 Canadian election regarding the juxtaposition of party policy characteristics and gender value preferences that suggest that women today are clearly more likely than men to cast the left-wing vote. 11 Gidengil et al. draw further parallels from additional studies such as that of Inglehart et al. from the Journal of Comparative Sociology, that suggest that the same incidences are happening globally. Gidengil et al. also note that Shapiro and Mahajan, 1986; Deitch, 1988; Gilens 1988; Chaney, Alvarez and Nagler, 1998 and; Kaufmann and Petrocik 1999 state that gender gaps occur in this manner due to the fact that men are traditionally more conservative than women on the prominence of social welfare questions on the political agenda12. The same results were revealed by a study funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Elections Canada, the Institute for Research in Public Policy, Universiti de Montri al, McGill University, and the University of Toronto.