Improving the Records Management - 625 Words

Improving the Records Management Implementation of Electronic Records Management Records management can be improved in many ways. In my opinion, one of the ways is to implement the electronic records management. The government should consider formulating policies, standards and practices, technical specifications and training plans to enable its agencies including Mahkamah Negeri Sembilan to manage records in electronic form. According to Arkib Negara Malaysia, The management of electronic records is not a problem that needs to be solved. Its effective implementation in support of program/ service delivery, decision-making, etc., should be viewed from the perspective of the extent to which it can lead to cost savings, cost avoidance, risk reduction and opportunity gain. This means that electronic records could give a lot of benefits to the government agencies. As stated by Arkib Negara Malaysia, electronic records management could help the government agencies to reduce its costs. The traditional records management p racticed by Mahkamah Negeri Sembilan for example requires the government to actually spend more money. This is because, if we’re looking this issue from a strategic view then it is undeniable that the implementation of electronic records management could save costs. The existing system practiced by the government requires them to maintain all the equipments and also hire personnel to supervise the files room. Furthermore, it contributes to the increased usageShow MoreRelatedEssay on Evolution of Health Care Information Systems1299 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology. EOGH have surpassed the decade old information system of paper charts and became a quick study in advancement of information technology. 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Health information systems impacted include; clinical documentation and coding; electronic health record and CPOE; e-Rx pharmacy and radiology systems;Read MoreUnderstanding the Patient Intake Process784 Words   |  4 Pagesthe patient records Paper patient’s records are proving to be increasingly inadequate to meet the modern information needs of the group practices. Computerizing patient records can improve the physician access to patient informa tion and thereby also improve patient care and the outcomes of the management aspect of the business. By investing in computerized patient records system the healthcare facilities can increase their revenues by saving on labor costs associated with patient records retrievalRead MoreVideo Library : Case Study1278 Words   |  6 PagesThe overall goal of the business is to make a profit through efficient management. As it’s not an independent business organisation (because it depends on reliable assets), their goal is to use their present assets to generate continuous profits. Business Objectives The library’s main business objectives are to make small profits from its members through loaning services. To achieve this objective, they need good management within the organisation (Arain and Low, 2009). As this is not an independentRead MoreHow Technology Is Transforming Healthcare1342 Words   |  6 Pageshealthcare settings for the purpose of improving the outcome and overall quality of care, and its use is having a transformational effect on medical practice. One of the most prevalent implementations of technology in healthcare is the electronic health care record (EHR), a computer based system for managing patient information, which has been proven to reduce medical errors. 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Health informatics is an amalgamation of various disciplines like information science, computer science, social science, management science, behavioral science and others. There are various sub categories in health informatics like the â€Å"clinical informatics, pathological informatics, pharmacy informatics, public health informatics, community health informatics, hom e healthRead MoreElectronic Health Case Study714 Words   |  3 Pagesas a medical practice management system containing electronic health records (EHR) to eliminate excessive paperwork and ensure the accuracy of record keeping. This shift toward an online database is why most healthcare facilities are taking the initiative to become paperless. According to the 2017 Office of the Inspector General (OIG) work plan, the use of electronic health records can establish opportunities for improved patient care, more efficient practice management, and improved overallRead MoreThe Importance Of A Management Information System1276 Words   |  6 Pages A management information system is a computerized method of improving the efficiency of the daily activities of businesses as well as improving the decision-making process. A management information system can show the status of a business’ conditions and whether or not these conditions are improving or not. The decision-making process can only be effective if the information is updated regularly by those with authority to access this information. There are very few management information systemsRead MoreClinical Documentation Improvement1293 Words   |  6 Pagesovercoming the issues associated with maintaining a complete and good sound medical record in the U.S healthcare system. The main focus of CDI is to enhance clinical clarity of the health records which usually involves the process of improving the medical/health records documentation in order to promote effective patient outcome, data quality measures and accurate reimbursement for services and care rendered. For a medical record to be meaningful and mirror the scope of treatment and services provided, it

Shoulder Surgery and the Athlete Free Essays

For many competitive and/or professional athletes, injury is unforeseeable and in some cases, the decision to continue on with their sport comes into question. More specifically, for those athletes who have developed, or even, were born with instable shoulders and have undergone physical therapy, are inevitably plagued with the notion, when therapy fails to work, to either have surgery to fix their shoulder(s) and to continue participating in their sport, or to quit their sport. In this sense, for the athletes who want to carry on in their sport, it appears that an open or arthroscopic Bankart Repair is the most plausible solution in correcting on-going shoulder instability in athletes who have not improved through therapy and want to continue with their sport. We will write a custom essay sample on Shoulder Surgery and the Athlete or any similar topic only for you Order Now In competitive or professional athletes, a stable shoulder is imperative for peak performance, especially for those athletes involved in sports that use persistent overhead motions, such as swimming, or throwing a baseball. In understanding a stable shoulder, the shoulder is a joint that contains three primary bones: the shoulder blade, or scapula, the collarbone, or clavicle, and the upper arm bone, also known as the humerus. In addition, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2001), dictate that the head of the humerus bone (the humeral head) rests in a shallow socket within the shoulder blade called the glenoid and is held into the socket by the lining of the joint called the capsule. Moreover, the humeral head is quite larger than that of the socket, and a soft fibrous tissue rim, known as the labrum, surrounds the socket, which helps keep the joint stabilized (Shoulder joint tear). Furthermore, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2001) states the rim in the socket deepens by up to 50 percent, therefore allowing the humeral head to fit better. What’s more is that the rim also serves as an attachment site for several ligaments (Shoulder joint tear). Additionally, the shoulder is referenced as being a ball and socket type joint that permits for a wide range of movement. Although the shoulder joint is intended to be stabilized, in many cases while athletes participate in their sports, they receive injuries to their shoulders that allows for their shoulder(s) to become instable, or even, it has been found that in some competitive athletes who might experience pain whilst enduring continuous overhead motions, may have inherited instable shoulders and have repeatedly gitated the joint. In this sense, it is possible that injuries to the tissue rim that surrounds the socket of the shoulder can occur from acute trauma or repetitive shoulder motion like swimming or throwing and/or pitching, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2001), (Shoulder joint tear). More so, in its discovery, while the shoulder joint has a wide range of motion, instability can occur when the humeral head moves out of the socket, or glenoid ca vity. The humeral head, considered as the ball portion of the ball and socket joint, â€Å"can move either partially (sublux) or completely (dislocate) out of the socket† (Sports medicine shoulder surgery). Moreover, the humeral head can sublux or dislocate itself in three different directions: anteriorly, or forward, out of the bottom of the joint (inferior), or backward (posterior). Additionally, with any trauma to a stable shoulder, not only can the humeral head be forcefully dislocated or sublux, but the ligaments, capsule, or labrum can be torn, detached, or stretched from the shoulder bone as well. Conversely, McFarland and Petersen declare that although the humeral head is capable of being put back in place, the ligaments, labrum, or capsule may heal in a stretched or loose position, thus increasing the chance of subluxation or dislocation to occur again (Sports medicine shoulder surgery). In addition, there are wide ranges of problems that are contributed to shoulder instability that of which can take on many different forms in a competitive athletes shoulder(s). More so, according to Wahl and Slaney (2005), these different factors influence how the shoulder should be treated, nonetheless each of these factors needs to be considered (Arthroscopic shoulder surgery). One of these forms is the severity of the instability where the severity can range anywhere from being subtle, to mild or moderate, or severe. Furthermore, the direction and mechanism of instability can also be a contributing factor. As argued by Wahl and Slaney (2005), with direction, the instability of a shoulder can be due from anterior, posterior, or multi-directional dislocation or subluxation, and in the mechanism of instability, it can either be traumatic or a-traumatic (Arthroscopic shoulder surgery). Furthermore, Wahl and Slaney (2005) have also inquired that when a young athlete suffers from subluxation or dislocation, â€Å"it is statistically likely that they will dislocate again. Studies have shown that when a dislocation occurs in a child with open growth plates, there is up to a 100 percent chance that they will dislocate again. † Additionally, Wahl and Slaney (2005) claim that in young adults, typically under the age of 20, whose growth plates have just begun to close, â€Å"the re-dislocation rate is about 55 percent to 95 percent† (Arthroscopic shoulder surgery). Therefore, it appears that without surgical repair, a young competitive athlete with instable shoulders may endure greater damage to their shoulder joint and develop other problems associated with instability. In those athletes with instable shoulder(s) looking to find the best course of treatment, it appears that in comparison to an open or arthroscopic Bankart Repair, an athlete has only minimal choices in treating their instability. Some of these choices entail the use of anti-inflammatory medications such as Aleve, Naproxen, or simply Advil, modifying the activity that aggravates the injury, physical therapy, which helps increase the muscle strength of the shoulder(s), and/or stopping the activity overall. On the contrary however, for countless competitive athletes, these choices are sometimes not enough, or yet, do not help, and the decision to end their sport is out of the question. With surgery as the remaining option, there are many considerations that first need to be looked into. For example, Matsen and Warme (2008), claim that athletes who should forego surgery will have had experienced persistent occurrences of â€Å"shoulder subluxation or dislocation, who continue to have instability despite an adequate trial of physical therapy† (Bankart Repair). Additionally, Matsen and Warme (2008) state that surgery is also an option for athletes with a-traumatic instability who â€Å"have not responded to a well-conducted rehabilitation program (Bankart repair). Nevertheless, the decision for an open or arthroscopic Bankart Repair is the best solution for athletes with instable shoulders who have sought out alternative treatments, that of which have failed, and wish to continue on with their sport. In shoulder instability surgery, the labrum, which is profoundly damaged, and the ligaments found in the shoulder, are recognized and then repaired back to the glenoid, or socket. More specifically, there are two separate surgical procedures that can be done in rep airing instable shoulder(s). The first procedure entails arthroscopy, which is a closed surgical technique that uses a small camera (an arthroscope) to be inserted through a small incision â€Å"to examine or repair the tissues inside or around the shoulder joint† as described by the Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia (2007), and the second is an open surgical procedure called an open Bankart Repair. According to Matsen and Warme (2008), an open Bankart Repair â€Å"securely restores the attachment of the labrum and the ligaments to the edge of the glenoid socket† (Bankart repair). Nonetheless, the Bankart procedure re-attaches the torn ligaments of the shoulder to the proper places, allowing for restoration of normal function. In comparing surgery with other treatments, such as physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, etc, it has been theorized by numerous Orthopaedic surgeons and as stated above, that with on-going instability in competitive athletes who have undergone other treatments, surgery is the best solution, especially if the athlete does not wish to give up their sport. Matsen and Warme (2008) have asserted that with traumatic anterior shoulder instability, surgical stabilization has been found to have the most dependable results with the use of an open Bankart Repair. Moreover, it has been said that the use of surgery to stabilize the shoulder is the â€Å"most effective method to restore comfort and eliminate the symptoms† (Bankart repair). In addition, Matsen and Warme (2008) also state that repair for frequent traumatic instability has an â€Å"excellent chance of restoring much of the lost comfort and function to the unstable shoulder† (Bankart repair). Furthermore, according to Mahaffey and Smith (1999), it is believed by countless Orthopedic surgeons that the option for surgical repair, whether through arthroscopy or by an open Bankart Repair, should be placed under great consideration for athletes under the age of 25 to prevent any further incidences of â€Å"anterior dislocation and arthritic changes† (Shoulder instability in young athletes). What is more is that Mahaffey and Smith (1999), argued that early arthroscopic surgery represents a change in the approach, where results of studies have illustrated that arthroscopic repair has been beneficial in reducing the rate of recurrent dislocation (Shoulder instability in young athletes). Mahaffey and Smith (1999) also allege that even in athletes engaged in contact sports, â€Å"the incidence of recurrent dislocation is only ten to twenty percent following arthroscopic surgery. Re-dislocation occurs in some athletes, however, about five years after surgery† (Shoulder instability in young athletes). Even more so, Mahaffey and Smith (1999) state that the recurrence of instability after an open Bankart repair is â€Å"three to seven percent,† and â€Å"four to twenty-five percent† with arthroscopic surgery. Additionally, Wahl and Slaney (2005) declare that without surgery, competitive athletes who persistently sublux or dislocate their shoulder(s) on a regular basis, could potentially lose valuable time in their sport, and/or worse: cause permanent damage to their shoulder joint or risk the development of premature arthritis (Arthroscopic shoulder surgery). More so, according to King, he alleged that many studies have displayed that competitive athletes with unstable shoulder(s) or those athletes who have dislocated or sublux their shoulder at a younger age, â€Å"are much more likely to continue to have problems with instability without surgical treatment† (Shoulder instability), which also agrees with earlier references made by Mahaffey and Smith (1999). Moreover, Wahl and Slaney (2005) argue that with the use of medications, when in comparison to surgery, that there have been no medications found that are capable of treating excess instability of the shoulder joint that athletes can develop with frequent dislocation or subluxation. Nevertheless, the only roles that any medication plays with shoulder instability is its capability of masking the pain that coincides with shoulder instability and unrelenting dislocations and to make the athlete more comfortable. What’s more is that with surgery, such as arthroscopic surgery, an Orthopaedic surgeon is able to specifically isolate the contributing factors of instability. These factors can include â€Å"tears of the glenoid socket ‘lip’ (or ‘labrum’), tears of the shoulder capsule and ligaments, bony fractures of the glenoid socket or humeral head, the integrity of the rotator cuff tendons, or excessive laxity or volume of the shoulder capsule† (Arthroscopic shoulder surgery), where other techniques such as physical therapy, works only with the surrounding muscles of the shoulder joint. More so, physical therapy may only help with control of an instable shoulder, and not allow for the shoulder to become completely stabilized. In addition, Matsen and Warme (2008) also asserted that for competitive athletes with traumatic instability, a surgical repair enables an Orthopaedic surgeon to distinctively repair the location of injury, therefore giving the shoulder joint restoration to proper functioning for the athlete. Lastly, according to McFarland and Petersen, they declare that given the options of either modifying the activity that provokes a competitive athletes injury, or subsiding the activity overall, surgical treatment is the better alternative for those individuals â€Å"not willing to give up the activities or sports which provoke their episodes† (Sports medicine shoulder surgery). Moreover, McFarland and Peterson also state that with surgery, the recurrence of instability â€Å"is low (three to five percent),† which is an agreement with the findings from Mahaffey and Smith (1999). Additionally, Khalfayan claims since a labral tear cannot heal normally and the joint capsule is stretched, surgery is recommended when non-surgical treatment, like physical therapy, is not successful. Furthermore, Khalfayan also emphasizes that with young athletes, â€Å"the risk of re-dislocation can be as high as 90 percent with non-operative treatment. Therefore, in select patients or athletes, surgery may be recommended after a first-time dislocation. The re-dislocation rate after surgery is as low as five percent as compared to as high as 90 percent without surgery† (OPA Ortho). All in all, many competitive and/or professional athletes are prone to, or have inherited, instable shoulder(s) and are repeatedly faced with the decision to either quit their sport or undergo elective surgery if other treatments, such as physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, etc, have failed. It is apparent that through much evidence, that an open or arthroscopic Bankart Repair is the most conceivable resolution in correcting on-going shoulder instability in competitive athletes who have not improved through therapy and want to continue with their sport. It has been greatly substantiated that without surgical repair, professional and/or competitive athletes, especially those who are young and still growing, will continue to sublux or dislocate their shoulders and cause greater damage to the shoulder joint itself and even allow for premature arthritis to develop. Nevertheless, surgery is needed for those athletes suffering from instability and who want to continue participating in their sport. By either choosing arthroscopic surgery, or an open Bankart Repair, the use of stabilized shoulders can endure a competitive and/or professional athlete to grow and excel in their sport. References http://www.pamf.org/sports/king/ShoulderInstability.pdf http://www.aafp.org/afp/990515ap/2773.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007206.htm http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00426 How to cite Shoulder Surgery and the Athlete, Essay examples

The Canadian commonwealth federation Essay Example For Students

The Canadian commonwealth federation Essay This variant of conservatism commonly overlaps with business Liberals. Finally, there is the New Democratic Party, NDP (formerly known as the Canadian Commonwealth Federation, CCF). The NDP is a socialist political party; however, socialism in its true form purports collectivism and heavy state control along with the pursuit of absolute equality for all people outside the current market system- capitalism. This branch of political ideology is located on the left wing of the spectrum. The NDP are social democrats, which recognize the Liberal free-market, however, their mandate is to ensure that the capitalist economy treat individuals as equally as possible by way of increased state control and collectivist values. For the purpose of clarity, the following Figure 1 is offered as a visual depiction of the aforementioned categorization of Canadian political parties along the ideological spectrum: Figure 1: Canadian Party Ideology Source: Rand Dyck, Canadian Politics Critical Approaches4 These brief explanations of political ideology as expressed through Canadian political parties clearly suggests that parties on the left of the Canadian political spectrum embody values that are recognized for their socialistic and collectivist qualities, which include welfare, support for minority causes, green pursuits, peace initiatives, health and labour concerns, and a high level of emphasis on civil liberties5. These causes are known as cooperative, conscientious, and collective. The further to the right of the Canadian political party spectrum, the more the party is deemed individualistic with emphasis on values of inequality, such as limited welfare services, less (but some) support for the rights of disadvantaged women including anti-abortion mandates, enhanced freedom of the capitalist market which includes the effect of substantial inequalities among Canadian citizens based on the idea that the result is fair and natural, some emphasis on green issues, but which mainly pertain to the use of natural resources and their economic values. The right wing mandates are more difficult to publicly expose because in essence, they are far more self-motivated and self-centered than that of left wing political parties. Political theorists even go so far as to suggest that the right wing attitude is a result of fear. Jost et al. conducted numerous studies that concluded this tendency. This is known as the rigidity-of-the-right hypothesis, which suggests that, the core ideology of conservatism stresses resistance to change and justification of inequality and is motivated by needs that vary situationally and dispositionally to manage uncertainty and threat6. Right wing politics may also be classified in the realm of Realism, which is defined as political movements that are pursued by leaders who prioritize power, security of the state and the appreciation for little or no moral value if conflicting with the achievement of the former7. Left wing politics can be associated with the Idealist realm of thought, which is defined as political movements that are based on the pursuit of reason and truth by way of moral, optimistic and cooperative pursuits8. It can thereby be understood, in adjective form, that the more to the left a party is the more idealist, docile natured and benevolent, its policies will be. Right wing party policies are based on Realism and egoism, exclusionary principles and are more withdrawn from large-scale moral and social responsibilities. It would thereby seem natural to assume that these policies will attract different people for different value reasons. It is interesting to consider the tendencies of specific interest groups and individuals with regards to these policies, and in particular for this analysis, the different attitudes and tendencies among and between men and women. Do women tend to be drawn by more leftist policies than do men? And if so, has it always been this way? Current day statistics and studies clearly reveal that women are politically driven by socialist values to a much greater degree than are men. For example, these issue differences have been clearly depicted in a study conducted by the Institute for Social Research at York University and Jolicoeur. .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 , .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .postImageUrl , .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 , .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678:hover , .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678:visited , .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678:active { border:0!important; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678:active , .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678 .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf846eece8625c871ae43e4c1aa90b678:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Greek Gods EssayFigure 2 below exemplifies the gender disparity regarding political platform values. Figure 2: Sex Difference in Issue Positions- 2000 Source: Institute for Social Research at York University and Universti Jolicoeur9. This chart clearly reveals that women today are more docile and benevolent natured than are men. At the 2000 Congress of the International Political Science Association in Quebec City, Gidengil et al. reported in Women to the Left, Men to the Right? Gender and Voting in the 1997 Canadian Election that women were more likely than men to vote NDP while men were much more likely than women to vote for the Reform Party10. This report also offers further analysis of current day statistics beyond the exclusive analysis of the 1997 Canadian election regarding the juxtaposition of party policy characteristics and gender value preferences that suggest that women today are clearly more likely than men to cast the left-wing vote. 11 Gidengil et al. draw further parallels from additional studies such as that of Inglehart et al. from the Journal of Comparative Sociology, that suggest that the same incidences are happening globally. Gidengil et al. also note that Shapiro and Mahajan, 1986; Deitch, 1988; Gilens 1988; Chaney, Alvarez and Nagler, 1998 and; Kaufmann and Petrocik 1999 state that gender gaps occur in this manner due to the fact that men are traditionally more conservative than women on the prominence of social welfare questions on the political agenda12. The same results were revealed by a study funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Elections Canada, the Institute for Research in Public Policy, Universiti de Montri al, McGill University, and the University of Toronto.

Roper vs. Simmons free essay sample

Roper vs. Simmons was one of the few cases in almost two decades to address whether it’s constitutional under the eighth and fourteenth amendments to execute a juvenile offender who was over the age of fifteen but under the age of eighteen when he/she committed a capital crime. In 1988, Thompson vs. Oklahoma banned the execution of minors who were sixteen years of age when they committed a capital crime. Another case, Stanford vs. Kentucky (1989), divided the court which eventually rejected that the Constitution excludes capital punishment for minors of this age group. Roper vs. Simmons overturned the decision in Stanford vs. Kentucky. Only seven countries in the past century have favored execution of minors convicted of capital crimes: Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Nigeria, China, and Congo. Before the case many Americans did not think that the execution of minors was considered cruel and unusual punishment if a capital crime was committed, but after the crime many Americans began to oppose it. We will write a custom essay sample on Roper vs. Simmons or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Those seven countries have also, since then, prohibited these executions. Christopher Simmons was a junior in high school at the age of seventeen when he committed a pre-meditated murder. Around nine months after the crime was committed when he was eighteen years of age, he was tried in court and sentenced to death. Simmons discussed his plan to kill Shirley Crook with his two friends Charles Benjamin and John Tessemer (ages fifteen and sixteen at the time), resulting from a car accident involving Benjamin and Simmons. Simmons’ idea was to break in to Mrs. Crook’s home, tie her up, and drive her to a bridge where he would throw her off of to her death. Simmons was under the impression that he and his friends could get away with the crime because they were minors. The three boys met around 2:00 A. M. on the night the murder was committed (September 9th, 1993). Tessemer backed out before the other two boys went on their way (he was charged with conspiracy at first, but the charges were dropped when he testified against Simmons). The two boys proceeded to enter the Crook home by reaching through an open window and unlocking their back door. Simmons turned on a hallway light, startling Mrs. Crook as she asked who was there. Simmons then entered her bedroom, recognizing her which he later said was his resolve to murder her. The two boys worked together and used duct tape to cover her eyes and mouth and bound her hands. They took her minivan to a state park, reinforced her bindings, and covered her head with a towel. They then walked to a railroad trestle over the Meramec River, tied her hands and feet together with electrical wire, and wraped her entire face with duct tape before they threw her into the waters below for her to drown. The afternoon of September 9th, 1993, Shirley’s husband, Steven Crook, returned from an overnight trip and was alarmed by the messy house he came home to without his wife there to welcome him. After he reported his wife missing, the same afternoon fisherman recovered the victim’s body form the Meramec River. Simmons apparently had been bragging to his friends about murdering Shirley saying he killed her â€Å"because the bitch seen my face†. The next day, police received information about Simmons’ involvement the crime and he was arrested at his high school in Fenton, Missouri. Simmons waived his right to an attorney and immediately agreed to answer questions. Before the second hour of questioning was over, Simmons had already confessed to murdering Shirley Crook and agreed to perform a video reenactment of the crime. Simmons’ excuse for the crime he claimed was to avoid his arrest for the recent car accident they both had been involved in. The State of Missouri charged Simmons with burglary, kidnapping, stealing, and murder in the first degree. Simmons was seventeen years of age at the time, but was tried as an adult. The State immediately sought the death penalty, after Shirley Crook’s husband, daughter and two sisters presented horrifying evidence on how much impact her death had already brought to their lives. Simmons’ mother, father, two half brothers, neighbor, and friend all pleaded on behalf of his mercy to the court. Simmons’ lawyer argued that his age should be considered a mitigating factor, but the jury still recommended the death penalty, and the trial judge decided to impose it. About 9 years after the Simmons’ case had completely run its course, in 2002 Atkins vs. Virginia prohibited the execution of a mentally retarded person, and Simmons’ tried to file a new petition for state postconviction relief, saying that this made the Constitution prohibit the execution of someone if the crime was committed when they were under 18. This was the second time Simmons had appealed; the first being when he claimed he had not received adequate assistance during the trial because additional information regarding his difficult home background, impulsivity, and being easily influenced by others was not presented to the judge (this appeal was rejected). They reviewed the Stanford vs. Kentucky case and agreed that it was no longer valid with influence of international opinion of execution of minors who had committed capital crimes. Justice Anthony Kennedy spoke for the State in March 2005 stating that execution of juveniles who committed crimes before they turned 18 was considered cruel and unusual punishment. Simmons’ death sentence was then set aside and they resentenced him to life in prison with no chance of parole, probation, or release without the Governor’s doing so personally. This case showed very well that the United States is fair to their accused criminals. The court showed this strongly when they thoroughly considered and thought out each appeal that Christopher made to them, and they thoroughly reviewed all of his rights as well. Any other adult would have received the death penalty without questioning, but Simmons got multiple opportunities that people over eighteen would not have gotten. It was surprising that Simmons won the appeal after the Atkins vs. Virginia case because he was not mentally retarded and couldn’t exactly relate to the case himself. Murder is murder, and Christopher should not have had as much mitigation because his crime was completely pre-meditated.

Teaching Students About How Government Works With a Diagnostic Essay in M.L.A. Format

Teaching Students About How Government Works With a Diagnostic Essay in M.L.A. FormatYou may have seen a sample diagnostic essay in M.L.A. format in a college course on the history of the United States. The essay is used to teach students about the history of government, law, and governmental structure in the United States. The essay is usually called a chronology because it builds up to a particular event and then covers all the events leading up to that event.You can find samples of diagnostic essays in M.L.A. format in a number of different types of courses. In introductory American history classes, you will find a timeline-style class that requires you to write an essay on the beginning of the country. A history course in which you will teach students about how government came into being may also use a timeline-style class.It would be difficult to teach students about how the Constitution was created and how its original structure was put together if you did not have examples of diagnostic essays in M.L.A. format in the class. This is one of the only ways to demonstrate to your students how important the Constitutional Convention was in building the United States. To do this, you will need to use a timeline-style class.What you should include in your diagnostic essay is the two main branches of government-the federal government and the state governments. You should explain how each branch functions in order to help students understand how the Constitution was written and adopted. You will also need to explain how the individual states function.As you teach these sections, you will need to carefully consider how best to incorporate the examples into your lesson plan to keep your student's understanding of government at the forefront of your lessons. In some cases, you may want to include a discussion of how each branch functions to show how important the second branch is to keeping the Constitution functional.A good diagnostic essay in M.L.A. format is one w hich contain much information in a concise, easy to read, and easily understandable format. It is not necessary to have dozens of supporting facts and figures in order to convey your message effectively. Your thoughts should be interesting and easy to remember, even if they are short and specific.Remember that the information in your diagnostic essay is your teaching tool for helping students grasp the United States' history. The best diagnostic essays in M.L.A. format to make your students think about the world around them, make them think about the history of their country, and help them learn how important that history is to the future of their country.

one chid fight Essay

one chid fight Essay one chid fight Essay The Golden Girls One of my favorite memories growing up was watching â€Å"The Golden Girls â€Å"with my grandmother every Saturday night eating popcorn. The show is about four middle age women from different walks of life with seemingly nothing in common. These strangers couldn’t be more dissimilar. No one could imagine how these four souls would successfully live under one roof, but they decide to give it a try as they are all in pinch for somewhere to stay. The truth is all pandemonium broke loose and it was clear that they were just too different to share one house together. But one thing led to another and soon enough they were sitting around the table laughing, gossiping and sharing cheesecake. These four women eventually became the best of friends, despites all their differences. With their colorful characters, witty language and overall messages, The Golden Girls were known all over the world. Many viewers are familiar with the shows four main characters. Dorothy is a tall, head strong, witty high school substitute teacher. Her persona comes off as her intelligence makes her superior to the other women in the house because they do not have as much papered education as she. Rose, is the exact opposite of Dorothy. Rose is the carefree blonde from a small farm town named St. Olaf, with not much education but a heart of gold. Rose, to put it bluntly, wasn’t exactly the â€Å"sharpest tool in the shed†. Always telling goofy stories about where she grew up, most of the time the women become annoyed with her and treat her poorly. Blanche the sex- starved, conceited, arrogant, self-absorbed Golden Girl. She clearly had the most male admires and stories detailing her various sexual encounters. Viewers could tell by the way the women were always teasing her about which man she brought home and the â€Å"welcome mat at the end of her bed†. Last by certainly not least we have Sofia a widow from Sicily who stayed in a Shady Pines Retirement home unit it burned down. Even though Sophia could be cruel at times she had certain way of making others look at difficult situations in a loving yet humorous, comical way. The other woman looked up to her as a mother because of her age and wisdom. Each of the characters in the show has to face major problems such as homosexuality, adultery, harassment some of the same issues we deal with in today’s society. But just like society they use their high moral values toward each problem they face to overcome their differences. The language of the show also appeals to the viewers. Today as I watch the episodes the jokes that once went over my head now have taken on new meaning. When I was younger I didn’t realize how many controversial the show covered. The humor revolves around the sexual interests of older women. It’s filled with sexual innuendo and comical descriptions of sexual acts that will most likely go over the head of younger viewers, but parents may still want to exercise caution. Parents should also know that the show offers a positive look at women and senior citizens and raises awareness about the issues that seniors face in today’s society. The show also looks at many aspects of aging, which range from the comical (sagging chests, drooping bottoms) to the serious (rising health care costs) to the tragic (the rising incidence of homelessness among the populace). But The Golden

George Burroughs - Salem Witch Trials

George Burroughs - Salem Witch Trials George Burroughs was the only minister executed as part of the Salem Witch Trials on  August 19, 1692. He was about 42 years of age.   Before the Salem Witch Trials George Burroughs, a 1670 Harvard graduate, grew up in Roxbury, MA; his mother returned to England, leaving him in Massachusetts. His first wife was Hannah Fisher; they had nine children. He served as a minister in Portland, Maine, for two years, surviving King Philips War and joining other refugees in moving farther south for safety. He took a job as minister of the Salem Village Church in 1680 and his contract was renewed the next year. There was no parsonage yet, so George and Hannah Burroughs moved into the home of John Putnam and his wife Rebecca. Hannah died in childbirth in 1681, leaving George Burroughs with a newborn and two other children. He had to borrow money for his wifes funeral. Not surprisingly, he remarried soon. His second wife was Sarah Ruck Hathorne, and they had four children. As had happened with his predecessor, the first minister to serve Salem Villages separately from Salem Town, the church would not ordain him and he left in a bitter salary fight, at one point being arrested for debt, though members of the congregation paid his bail. He left in 1683, moving back to Falmouth. John Hathorne served on the church committee to find Burroughs replacement. George Burroughs moved to Maine, to serve the church in Wells. This was near enough the border with French Canada that the threat of French and Indian war parties was real. Mercy Lewis, who lost relatives in one of the attacks on Falmouth, fled to Casco Bay, with a group that included Burroughs and her parents. The Lewis family then moved to Salem, and when Falmouth seemed safe, moved back. In 1689, George Burroughs and his family survived another raid, but Mercy Lewis parents were killed and she began to work as a servant for George Burroughss family. One theory is that she saw her parents killed. Mercy Lewis later moved to Salem Village from Maine, joining many other refugees, and became a servant with the Putnams of Salem Village. Sarah died in 1689, probably also in childbirth, and Burroughs moved with his family to Wells, Maine. He married a third time; with this wife, Mary, he had a daughter. Burroughs was apparently familiar with some works of Thomas Ady, critical of witchcraft prosecutions, whom he later quoted at his trial: A Candle in the Dark, 1656; A Perfect Discovery of Witches, 1661; and The Doctrine of Devils, 1676. The Salem Witch Trials On April 30, 1692, several of the girls of Salem leveled accusations of witchcraft at George Burroughs. He was arrested on May 4 in Maine - family legend says while he was eating dinner with his family - and was forcibly returned to Salem, to be jailed there on May 7. He was accused of such acts as lifting weights beyond what would be humanly possible to lift. Some in town thought he might be the dark man spoken of in many of the accusations. On May 9, George Burroughs was examined by magistrates Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne; Sarah Churchill was examined the same day. His treatment of his first two wives was one subject of the interrogation; another was his supposed unnatural strength. The girls testifying against him said that his first two wives and the wife and child of his successor at Salem Church  visited as specters and accused Burroughs of killing them. He was accused of not baptizing most of his children. He protested his innocence. Burroughs was moved to Boston jail. The next day, Margaret Jacobs was examined, and she implicated George Burroughs. On August 2, the Court of Oyer and Terminer heard the case against Burroughs, as well as cases against John and Elizabeth Proctor, Martha Carrier, George Jacobs, Sr. and John Willard. On August 5, George Burroughs was indicted by a grand jury; then a trial jury found him and five others guilty of witchcraft. Thirty-five citizens of Salem Village signed a petition to the court, but it did not move the court. The six, including Burroughs, were sentenced to death. After the Trials On August 19, Burroughs was taken to Gallows Hill to be executed. Though there was a widely held belief that a true witch could not recite the Lords Prayer, Burroughs did so, astounding the crowd. After Boston minister Cotton Mather reassured the crowd that his execution was the result of a court decision, Burroughs was hanged. George Burroughs was hanged  the same day as were John Proctor, George Jacobs, Sr., John Willard and Martha Carrier. The next day, Margaret Jacobs recanted her testimony against both Burroughs and her grandfather, George Jacobs, Sr. As with the others executed, he was cast into a common, unmarked grave. Robert Calef later said that he had been buried so poorly that his chin and hand protruded from the ground. In 1711,  the  legislature  of the Province of Massachusetts Bay  restored all rights to those who had been accused in the 1692 witch trials. Included were George Burroughs, John Proctor, George Jacob, John Willard, Giles and  Martha Corey,  Rebecca Nurse,  Sarah Good, Elizabeth How,  Mary Easty, Sarah Wilds, Abigail Hobbs, Samuel Wardell, Mary Parker, Martha Carrier, Abigail Faulkner,  Anne (Ann) Foster, Rebecca Eames, Mary Post, Mary Lacey, Mary Bradbury, and Dorcas Hoar. The legislature also gave compensation to the heirs of 23 of those convicted, in the amount of  £600. George Burroughs children were among those.